Health implications of arsenic in drinking water

Pontius, Frederick W.; Brown, Kenneth G.; Chen, Chien-Jen

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06246.x

Cited by 216 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Arsenic is classified in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority pollutant list with a carcinogenicity classification (human carcinogen). The LD50 (lethal dose) is estimated to be (1-4) mg As/kg for adult [10]. The US EPA has established a maximum contaminant level for arsenic in drinking water (0.01 mg/l) by 2006 [13].…”

Section: Environmental Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, there are three options available for dealing with arsenic waste streams: concentration and containment, dilution and dispersion, encapsulation of the material. Among these the most attractive option for dealing with arsenic wastes lies in encapsulation the contaminated material usually through solidification/stabilization techniques and disposing of the treated wastes in secure landfills [9,10]. In the environment, arsenic exists in several oxidation states: As (V), arsenate, As (III), arsenite, As (0), and As (-III), arsine.…”

Section: Toxic Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Pollution Remediation through Solidification/Fixation of Heavy Metal Ions in Portland Cement

Goyal¹,

Chauhan²

2015

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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Section: Environmental Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxic Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Pollution Remediation through Solidification/Fixation of Heavy Metal Ions in Portland Cement

Goyal¹,

Chauhan²

2015

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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“…Ravenscroft et al (2009) reported ''tens of millions of people continue to depend on arsenic-polluted groundwater as a source of drinking water and for irrigation''. The problem is especially severe in Bangladesh, Vietnam, China, and India where a significant amount of people are drinking arsenic-contaminated water (Pontinus et al 1994, Nickson et al 1998. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have lowered the concentration limit of arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 lg L -1 (USEPA 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions by goethite/silica nanocomposite

Attinti

Sarkar

Barrett

et al. 2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Silica nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with goethite, creating a nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was tested for removal of arsenic, As(V), from aqueous solutions. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and a Zetasizer to characterize particle size, surface morphology, functional groups, and surface charge of the nanocomposite. SEM results showed that the size of the synthesized silica nanoparticles ranged from 150 to 250 nm. Batch sorption studies were carried out on the adsorption of As(V) as a function of pH, contact time, initial concentration, and ionic strength. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 3.0. The adsorption capacity did not change significantly with increasing ionic strength. A kinetics study revealed that adsorption of As(V) by the goethite/silica nanocomposite was rapid: Equilibrium was reached within 120 min. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption data were analyzed by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of goethite/silica nanocomposite for As(V) from the Langmuir isotherm was 17.64 mg g -1 , which is larger than that of several other adsorbents. The nanocomposite adsorbent showed high efficiency in removing arsenic from aqueous solutions, even at low initial concentrations.

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“…The toxicity scale of arsenic decreases in the order: arsine(AsH3)> inorganic As(III)> organic As(III)> inorganic As(V)> organic As(V)>element As. The toxicity of As(III) is about ten times that of As(V) (Lee et al, Gupta and Chen, 1978;Pontius et al, 1994). Oxidation of As(III) to As(V)must be applied because technologies perform most effectively when treating arsenic in the form of As(V).…”

Section: Introduction 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Optimum Coagulants (Ferric Chloride and Alum) for Arsenic and Turbidity Removal by Coagulation

Choi

Jung²,

Son³

et al. 2010

Journal of Environmental Science International

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The Raw water from Deer Creek (DC) reservoir and Little Cottonwood Creek (LCC) reservoir in the Utah, USA were collected for jar test experiments. This study examined the removal of arsenic and turbidity by means of coagulation and flocculation processes using of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride as coagulants for 13 jar tests. The jar tests were performed to determine the optimal pH range, alum concentration, ferric chloride concentration and polymer concentration for arsenic and turbidity removal. The results showed that a comparison was made between alum and ferric chloride as coagulant. Removal efficiency of arsenic and turbidity for alum (16 mg/L) of up to 79.6% and 90.3% at pH 6.5 respectively were observed. Removal efficiency of arsenic and turbidity for ferric chloride (8 mg/L) of up to 59.5% at pH 8 and 90.6% at pH 8 respectively were observed. Optimum arsenic and turbidity removal for alum dosages were achieved with a 25 mg/L and 16 mg/L respectively. Optimum arsenic and turbidity removal for ferric chloride dosages were achieved with a 20 mg/Land 8 mg/L respectively. In terms of minimizing the arsenic and turbidity levels, the optimum pH ranges were 6.5 and 8for alum and ferric chloride respectively. When a dosage of 2 mg/L of potassium permanganate and 8 mg/L of ferric chloride were employed, potassium permanganate can improve arsenic removal, but not turbidity removal.

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Health implications of arsenic in drinking water

Cited by 216 publications

References 42 publications

Environmental Pollution Remediation through Solidification/Fixation of Heavy Metal Ions in Portland Cement

Environmental Pollution Remediation through Solidification/Fixation of Heavy Metal Ions in Portland Cement

Adsorption of arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions by goethite/silica nanocomposite

Determination of Optimum Coagulants (Ferric Chloride and Alum) for Arsenic and Turbidity Removal by Coagulation

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