Health Impact Assessments of Health Sector Proposals: An Audit and Narrative Synthesis

Abstract

Background: Health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool used to assess the potential health impacts of proposed projects, programs, and policies. The extent of the use of HIAs conducted on health sector proposals, and what they focus on, is currently largely undocumented. This paper reviews HIAs conducted on health sector proposals, their characteristics and describes the settings in which they were conducted. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, including peer-reviewed journals and grey literature utilizing keywords, synonyms, and subject headings relevant to HIA and the health sector. Eligibility criteria were independently applied to the identified works and data appraisal conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist tool. Results: 19 HIAs were identified and included in the review, including 13 rapid, three intermediate, and two comprehensive HIAs. The HIAs use was evident across a range of health service contexts, though all but one had been conducted in developed countries. Conclusion: The use of HIAs in the health sector is limited. There were various benefits attributed to the HIAs analysed including and not limited to the allocation of resources, reducing inequalities, and identification of possible negative consequences of a project. There is an opportunity to improve the use and reporting of HIAs across health settings internationally to enhance the consideration of broader determinants of health, influence decision making, and use of evidence in health sector planning for the future.

Mental Health and Mental Wellbeing Impact Assessment Frameworks—A Systematic Review

“…This lines up with a recent protocol paper which also implies increased interest in including mental health impact assessment [ 45 ], a promising area of future study. It also parallels findings in terms of HIA’s being broadly used in a variety of diverse settings although publications reporting such results appear to be limited [ 46 ]. There appeared to be a general preference for rapid process HIA with subsequent reports lacking in-depth details and documentation of each stage in the process as well as justification as to why certain decisions were made [ 46 ].…”

“…It also parallels findings in terms of HIA’s being broadly used in a variety of diverse settings although publications reporting such results appear to be limited [ 46 ]. There appeared to be a general preference for rapid process HIA with subsequent reports lacking in-depth details and documentation of each stage in the process as well as justification as to why certain decisions were made [ 46 ]. Developing easily accessible approaches for mental health assessment should make use of previous experiences such as those described in the current review.…”