Health-health analysis: A new way to evaluate health and safety regulation

Lutter, Randall; Morrall, J

doi:10.1007/bf01064085

Cited by 81 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Empirical research finds a correlation between greater income and smaller age-adjusted mortality risk (Lutter & Morrall, 1994). Moreover, this research provides estimates of the rate at which mortality risk increases with decreasing income.…”

Section: Mortality Induced By Decreases In Incomementioning

confidence: 85%

Risk/Risk Trade‐offs in Pesticide Regulation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Public Health Effects of a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides

Gray

Hammitt

2000

Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efforts to reduce pesticide-related risks to consumers and farmworkers often neglect the possibility that measures to reduce the target risk may introduce or enhance countervailing risks. These may arise from substitute pesticides or pest-control practices, from increased levels of pests or pest-related hazards, from increased levels of toxic natural pesticides in plants, from increased costs and decreased consumption of health-enhancing fruits and vegetables, or from direct income effects on consumers and farmers. The effect of the countervailing risks may partially or completely offset the reduction in the target risk. A risk-trade-off analysis was conducted of a potential ban on the use of organophosphate and carbamate (OP/Carbamate) insecticides in U.S. agriculture. Although this scenario is extreme, it has the analytic virtue of dispensing with the infinite number of "next-best" OP/Carbamates that might be substituted for specific combinations of crops and pests should only selected uses be banned. The analysis relies on detailed descriptions of the alternative pesticides and pest-control measures that would be used for each of 14 major crops. The effects of pest-control cost changes on prices and consumption and effects on consumer and producer incomes are projected using a general-equilibrium economic model. Several countervailing risks that may be significant were found, including acute toxicity to farmworkers from substitute pesticides, cancer and noncancer risks from substitute pesticides, and mortality induced by changes in disposable income. Other countervailing risks are more difficult to estimate or weigh. Potential increases in natural plant pesticides following an OP/Carbamate ban are discussed but data are lacking to quantify the effects. Changes in diet following the ban have both positive and negative effects, and the ultimate change is difficult to estimate. Although a net risk cannot be estimated, several approaches were illustrated that would be useful in risk-trade-off analyses. Key factors complicating comprehensive analysis of risk/risk trade-offs for pesticides were also identified, including data gaps and shortcomings of current risk assessment methods.

show abstract

Section: Mortality Induced By Decreases In Incomementioning

confidence: 85%

Risk/Risk Trade‐offs in Pesticide Regulation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Public Health Effects of a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides

Gray

Hammitt

2000

Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The literature is reviewed in Section 3 together with 2 The present article relates to the wider literature on risk or health tradeoffs. (10,11) A pertinent quote (11) is: "The countervailing risks of well-intended actions to reduce a target risk are not always analyzed or openly discussed in public policy debates. Because advocacy groups, elected officials, and bureaucracies may benefit from an exclusive focus on target risk, they may choose to ignore -or even suppress discussion of -the countervailing risks of proposed policies."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Impact of Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Laws

Jong¹

2012

Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article seeks to answer the question whether mandatory bicycle helmet laws deliver a net societal health benefit. The question is addressed using a simple model. The model recognizes a single health benefit--reduced head injuries--and a single health cost-increased morbidity due to foregone exercise from reduced cycling. Using estimates suggested in the literature on the effectiveness of helmets, the health benefits of cycling, head injury rates, and reductions in cycling leads to the following conclusions. In jurisdictions where cycling is safe, a helmet law is likely to have a large unintended negative health impact. In jurisdictions where cycling is relatively unsafe, helmets will do little to make it safer and a helmet law, under relatively extreme assumptions, may make a small positive contribution to net societal health. The model serves to focus the mandatory bicycle helmet law debate on overall health.

show abstract

“…14. See, among others, Keeney [1990], Lutter and Morrall [1994], and Viscusi [I9941 for discussion of this evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost‐per‐life‐saved Cutoff for Safety‐enhancing Regulations

Lutter

Morrall

Viscusi³

1999

Economic Inquiry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article develops a model of the conditions under which risk regulations that are too expensive have net adverse health effects. Two principal components of this relationship are the implicit value of life and the income elasticity of risky behaviors. Using new empirical estimates for the income elasticity of many of the most consequential risk-related behaviors, our results imply that a $15 million decrease in income is associated with the loss of an additional statistical life. Regulations that cost more than $15 million per expected life saved will have counterproductive effects on individual mortality. (JEL L5 1, 112, 517)

show abstract

Health-health analysis: A new way to evaluate health and safety regulation

Cited by 81 publications

References 16 publications

Risk/Risk Trade‐offs in Pesticide Regulation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Public Health Effects of a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides

Risk/Risk Trade‐offs in Pesticide Regulation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Public Health Effects of a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides

The Health Impact of Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Laws

The Cost‐per‐life‐saved Cutoff for Safety‐enhancing Regulations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About