Health for all by the year 2000?

Bergström, Staffan; Mocumbi, Pascoal

doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7053.316

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There was misinterpretation as to its intentions and meaning (Tejada de Rivero, 2003;Sornble, 1990).There was disagreement about whether the goals were realistic and modifications to those goals diverted efforts from those prescribed in the declaration (Hall & Taylor, 2003;Werner, 2001). Implementation was negatively impacted by the economic movements of structural adjustment programs and health sector reform (Bergstrom &Mocumbi, 1996;Braverman & Tarmino, 2002;Mehrotra & Jarrett, 2002;Hall & Taylor, 2003;Werner, 2001). And ironically, the efforts to achieve the goal of "Health for All" were detrimentally undermined by the leadership of WHO (Chowdhury & Rowson, 2000;Braveman & Tarimo, 2002;Godlee, 1994).…”

Section: Obstacles To "Health For All"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health for all by the Year 2000: A Retrospective Look at the Ambitious Public Health Initiative

Corbin

2005

Promotion & Education

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In 1978, at a conference jointly organised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in Alma-Ata, USSR, 134 world health ministers signed a declaration committing to the goal of "Health for all by the Year 2000" through the universal provision of primary health care. Today, nearly 30 years later, "Health for All" is still a distant dream.This paper provides a retrospective look at "Health for All." It argues that the initiative's failings lie in the abandonment of its core strategies: intersectoral collaboration and participation. The first part of the paper examines the public health picture prior to "Health for All"; describes the "Health for All" initiative; and illustrates its failings with evidence about the world's present health situation. The second part examines how obstacles to intersectoral collaboration and participation impeded the intended implementation' of "Health for All", and suggests a path forward. Public health picture: 1970'sBy the late 1970s, a clear link had been observed between health problems and socio-economic problems. It was increasingly recognised that the burden of these problems were not equally

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Section: Obstacles To "Health For All"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health for all by the Year 2000: A Retrospective Look at the Ambitious Public Health Initiative

Corbin

2005

Promotion & Education

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“…The year 2000 has passed and clearly we have not attained Health for All. 1 The Health for All program was enunciated through the Declaration of Alma Ata in 1978. That Declaration said, in part, "that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.…”

Section: Health For Allmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Practice : The Cornerstone of Health Care in the Third Millenium

Strasser¹

2003

J Nepal Med Assoc

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As we move into the third millennium, it is clear that the World Health Organisation (WHO) goal of "Health for All" is yet to be achieved. Nowhere is this more evident than in developing countries like Nepal where the majority of people live in rural areas, many of them caught in the poverty-ill health-low productivity downward spiral. In recent decades, most programs aimed at improving population health outcomes have been designed and delivered with little or no involvement of medical practitioners other than specialists in specific diseases or population/public health. General practice is the medical discipline which involves the provision of continuing, comprehensive, community-based patient-centred prevention-oriented primary care. General practitioners are at the interface between: low technology/low cost and high technology/high cost care; medical and non-medical health and welfare services; and individual care for illness, injury or disability and community/population health approaches to improving health status. This places general practice and general practitioners in a pivotal position to provide individuals and families with timely costeffective care, and to provide leadership in the development and implementation of health care systems which are responsive to community and societal needs. Since 1994, the WHO and WONCA, the World Organisation of Family Doctors, have been working together first through a landmark Invitational Conference and Report on "Making Medical Practice and Education More Relevant to People's Needs: The Contribution of the Family Doctor", and more recently through a Memorandum of Agreement and the Towards Unity for Health (TUFH) Project. TUFH promotes efforts worldwide to create unity in health service organisations particularly through sustainable integration of medicine and public health, individual health and community health related activities. Achievement of "Health for All" will require development of balanced, affordable and sustainable health care systems which build on the broad expertise of general practitioners and general practice.

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“…Improvements in health, education, and living standards have reversed in the past two decades, and standards continue to fall. By the end of the decade, two thirds of Africans will live in “absolute poverty.”2 More than half still lack safe water and 70% are without proper sanitation; 40 million children are not in primary school. Infant mortality is 55% higher than in the rest of the world's low income, developing countries, and average life expectancy, at 51 years, is 11 years less 3.…”

Section: Afro-pessimismmentioning

confidence: 99%