Health effects of rural-urban migration in developing countries—Senegal

Benyoussef, Amor; Cutler, John C.; Levine, A.; Mansourian, P. G.; Phan-Tan, T.; Baylet, R; Collomb, H; Diop, S; Lacombe, Bernard; Ravel, Jean-Louis; Vaugelade, Jacques; Diebold, G.

doi:10.1016/0037-7856(74)90093-6

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Short-term, temporary residency status was also associated with non-zero community cases which may be a function of the propensity of economic migrants to reside in boarding homes and urban slum communities upon arrival in the city. [68–72] Concordant with other studies, temporary residency may be an appropriate indicator for the higher likelihood of finding a TB hotspot. [73–77] The third significantly, albeit negatively, associated parameter was index case distance to the District TB Unit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Optimizing community screening for tuberculosis: Spatial analysis of localized case finding from door-to-door screening for TB in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Vo¹,

Vu²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest infectious disease globally. Current case finding approaches may miss many people with TB or detect them too late.Data and methodsThis study was a retrospective, spatial analysis of routine TB surveillance and cadastral data in Go Vap district, Ho Chi Minh City. We geocoded TB notifications from 2011 to 2015 and calculated theoretical yields of simulated door-to-door screening in three concentric catchment areas (50m, 100m, 200m) and three notification window scenarios (one, two and four quarters) for each index case. We calculated average yields, compared them to published reference values and fit a GEE (Generalized Estimating Equation) linear regression model onto the data.ResultsThe sample included 3,046 TB patients. Adjusted theoretical yields in 50m, 100m and 200m catchment areas were 0.32% (95%CI: 0.27,0.37), 0.21% (95%CI: 0.14,0.29) and 0.17% (95%CI: 0.09,0.25), respectively, in the baseline notification window scenario. Theoretical yields in the 50m-catchment area for all notification window scenarios were significantly higher than a reference yield from literature. Yield was positively associated with treatment failure index cases (beta = 0.12, p = 0.001) and short-term inter-province migrants (beta = 0.06, p = 0.022), while greater distance to the DTU (beta = -0.02, p<0.001) was associated with lower yield.ConclusionsThis study is an example of inter-departmental collaboration and application of repurposed cadastral data to progress towards the end TB objectives. The results from Go Vap showed that the use of spatial analysis may be able to identify areas where targeted active case finding in Vietnam can help improve TB case detection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Optimizing community screening for tuberculosis: Spatial analysis of localized case finding from door-to-door screening for TB in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Vo¹,

Vu²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Possible reasons for the differential in nutrition, aside from water supplies, include a softening of the effects of seasonal hunger for citydwellers who purchase food in all seasons, and a shortening of women's work day making it possible for them to cook more frequently. One report (Benyoussef et al, 1974) compared rural and urban samples in Senegal with respect to a number of health indicators. They found that city women were heavier than their rural counterparts, and city dwellers had higher hematocrits (indicating less anemia).…”

Section: West Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Struggles for Control: The Social Roots of Health and Healing in Modern Africa

Feierman¹

1985

African Studies Review

220

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This paper is a general interpretation of the social determinants of health and health care in Africa over the past century. The evolution of health cannot be separated from the broader story of social change. The political and economic forces which shaped the continent's history also established the framework within which patterns of diagnosis and treatment, health and disease, emerged. The implication of this is that healers of all kinds—whether doctors or “traditional healers”—have been less influential than we commonly think in shaping states of health or in healing the sick. This position opens up a range of difficult problems which are addressed in the following pages. What is the exact nature of the link between the broad political-economic forces and the distribution of health or disease? Which of these forces have driven therapeutics along its historical path, and by what means? What role do healers actually play? The body of the paper is divided into three main sections. The first explores the micro-sociology of changing treatment of illness. In most African communities several kinds of healers work side by side: physicians or medical assistants, specialists in sorcery or spirit possession, Christian or Muslim religious healers, and others. Multiple authorities co-exist, and therefore no one healer decides the cause or cure of illnesses in a way which others accept as beyond challenge. But treatment cannot exist without coordination. Someone must decide on a course of action when lives are threatened.

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“…[9]. Studies have generally indicated that the drivers of migration, such as socioeconomic status [7,8,23-25], closely determine migrant health, rather than the process of migration itself. Increasingly, research has highlighted structural and institutional factors that affect migrant health, such as denial of medical care and its relationship to child survival [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative case study of child protection issues in the Indian construction industry: investigating the security, health, and interrelated rights of migrant families

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMany of India’s estimated 40 million migrant workers in the construction industry migrate with their children. Though India is undergoing rapid economic growth, numerous child protection issues remain. Migrant workers and their children face serious threats to their health, safety, and well-being. We examined risk and protective factors influencing the basic rights and protections of children and families living and working at a construction site outside Delhi.MethodsUsing case study methods and a rights-based model of child protection, the SAFE model, we triangulated data from in-depth interviews with stakeholders on and near the site (including employees, middlemen, and managers); 14 participants, interviews with child protection and corporate policy experts in greater Delhi (8 participants), and focus group discussions (FGD) with workers (4 FGDs, 25 members) and their children (2 FGDs, 9 members).ResultsAnalyses illuminated complex and interrelated stressors characterizing the health and well-being of migrant workers and their children in urban settings. These included limited access to healthcare, few educational opportunities, piecemeal wages, and unsafe or unsanitary living and working conditions. Analyses also identified both protective and potentially dangerous survival strategies, such as child labor, undertaken by migrant families in the face of these challenges.ConclusionsBy exploring the risks faced by migrant workers and their children in the urban construction industry in India, we illustrate the alarming implications for their health, safety, livelihoods, and development. Our findings, illuminated through the SAFE model, call attention to the need for enhanced systems of corporate and government accountability as well as the implementation of holistic child-focused and child-friendly policies and programs in order to ensure the rights and protection of this hyper-mobile, and often invisible, population.

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Health effects of rural-urban migration in developing countries—Senegal

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Optimizing community screening for tuberculosis: Spatial analysis of localized case finding from door-to-door screening for TB in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Optimizing community screening for tuberculosis: Spatial analysis of localized case finding from door-to-door screening for TB in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Struggles for Control: The Social Roots of Health and Healing in Modern Africa

A qualitative case study of child protection issues in the Indian construction industry: investigating the security, health, and interrelated rights of migrant families

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