Health effects of ambient levels of respirable particulate matter (PM) on healthy, young-adult population

Shaughnessy, William J.; Venigalla, Mohan; Trump, David H.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.039

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These studies have concluded that health effects can occur even at very low levels of exposure. The peer-reviewed medical literature contains a number of studies that report on the adverse health effects (acute and chronic) associated with exposures to elevated levels of PM (Shaughnessy et al 2015). Studies of human populations exposed to high concentrations of particles indicated major effects of concern for human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects include breathing and respiratory abnormalities, aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiovascular disease, alterations in the body's defense systems against foreign materials, damage to lung tissue, carcinogenesis and premature death. The major subgroups of the population which appear to be most sensitive to the effects of PM include individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary or cardiovascular disease or influenza, asthmatics, the elderly and children (US EPA 2004;Shaughnessy et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variations and sources study by way of back trajectories and ANOVA for ambient air pollutants (particulates and metallic elements) within a mixed area at Longjing, central Taiwan: 1-year observation

Fang

Zhuang

et al. 2016

Environ Geochem Health

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This study measured the concentrations of particulates and metallic elements in ambient air by using PS-1 sampler (TSP) at Longjing area. And this study focuses on the collection of ambient air particulates, metallic elements, particulate-bound mercury Hg(p), concentrations. In addition, the sources of ambient pollutants by way of back trajectory analysis are found. Moreover, test mean concentration variance differences for metallic elements (PM, Hg(p), Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb) among the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) through ANOVA are calculated. The result indicates that the average highest particulate concentration occurred in winter season, and the order was winter > spring > autumn > summer, and the mostly highest average metallic element (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb) concentrations occurred in autumn. Moreover, the mostly average lowest metallic element concentrations occurred in summer. In addition, the above results of backward trajectories that the major particulate pollutants parcel mainly come from northeastern Taiwan. Moreover, when comparing the results of the first half year to that of the second half year, the they indicated that all metallic elements displayed significant differences in concentrations except those of Hg(p), Mn, Fe, Zn. Finally, metallic element Hg(p) is the only one which showed no significant concentration difference from either seasonal variations or half-year observations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations and sources study by way of back trajectories and ANOVA for ambient air pollutants (particulates and metallic elements) within a mixed area at Longjing, central Taiwan: 1-year observation

Fang

Zhuang

et al. 2016

Environ Geochem Health

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“…PM 2.5 is more dangerous than PM 10 because it easily penetrates deep into a human body. PM 2.5 can reach the alveoli through the nose and airways during breathing, and it can infiltrate the blood vessels and cause inflammation [7,8]. In this process, the blood vessels are damaged, increasing the risk of developing angina and stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Value of Enforcing the PM2.5 Concentration Reduction Policy in South Korean Urban Areas

Kim

Yoo

2018

Sustainability

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As the number of cars and the electricity produced from coal-fired generation has been increasing, PM 2.5 , particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter, has become a serious problem in South Korean urban areas. This is especially notable, given that the PM 2.5 warning was issued 89 times during 2016. Because of this, the South Korean government is seeking to enforce a policy of reducing the number of PM 2.5 warnings by half using various policy instruments from now until 2022. This article tries to obtain information about the public value of the enforcement. For this purpose, household willingness to pay (WTP) for the enforcement is investigated, applying the contingent valuation (CV) approach. A survey of 1000 households was carried out in South Korean urban areas. The data on the WTP were gathered using a dichotomous choice question and analyzed employing the spike model. The mean WTP estimate is obtained as KRW 5591 (USD 4.97) per household per year, which is statistically significant. The total public value expanded to the population amounts to KRW 98.9 billion (USD 87.8 million) per year. The information can be utilized in policy-making and decision-making about the reduction of the PM 2.5 concentration.

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“…Furthermore, at the same concentration, PM 2.5 has a larger surface area than PM 10 and, thus, it can adsorb more harmful substances. The findings from some studies indicate that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 augments the mortality rate of cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses by 6-13%, as PM 2.5 concentration increases by 10 µg per m 3 [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PM 2.5 is more dangerous than PM 10 because it easily penetrates deep into the human body. PM 2.5 can reach the alveoli through the nose and airways during breathing and can infiltrate the blood vessels and cause inflammation [10,11]. In this process, the blood vessels are damaged, which increases the risk of developing angina and suffering a stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do People Place More Value on Natural Gas Than Coal for Power Generation to Abate Particulate Matter Emissions? Evidence from South Korea

Kim

Yoo

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:As of 2017, coal is responsible for about half of all power generation in South Korea, while natural gas (NG) is responsible for about 20%. This increases particulate matter (PM) emissions, as coal emits 6 to 55 times more PM than NG in the course of power generation. Increased PM concentration causes visibility impairment and acute respiratory diseases. Thus, the South Korean government is seeking to shift from coal to NG power generation for the purpose of abating PM emissions. The government also considers NG as a bridge energy to facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This article attempts to answer the question, "Do people place significant value on shifting from coal to NG power generation in order to abate PM?" To this end, additional willingness to pay (WTP) for NG over coal for electricity for the purpose of PM emissions abatement was assessed from 1000 South Koreans' contingent valuations (CV). More specifically, each of these randomly chosen interviewees was asked about her/his WTP for the switch from coal to NG for 1 kWh of electricity use. The average additional WTP estimate was KRW 31.27 (USD 0.028) per kWh, which is equivalent to 28.8% of the average price of electricity in 2017. Moreover, this estimate is statistically significant. The generation cost of NG is about KRW 100.13 per kWh, which is higher than that of coal (KRW 78.5 per kWh). The gap is KRW 22.08 per kWh, which is less than the additional WTP. Thus, it is obvious that the governmental policy of shifting from coal to NG for power generation in order to abate PM emissions is supported by the public and, hence, the shift should be made gradually.

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Health effects of ambient levels of respirable particulate matter (PM) on healthy, young-adult population

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Seasonal variations and sources study by way of back trajectories and ANOVA for ambient air pollutants (particulates and metallic elements) within a mixed area at Longjing, central Taiwan: 1-year observation

Seasonal variations and sources study by way of back trajectories and ANOVA for ambient air pollutants (particulates and metallic elements) within a mixed area at Longjing, central Taiwan: 1-year observation

Public Value of Enforcing the PM2.5 Concentration Reduction Policy in South Korean Urban Areas

Do People Place More Value on Natural Gas Than Coal for Power Generation to Abate Particulate Matter Emissions? Evidence from South Korea

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