Health effects of air pollution observed in cohort studies in Europe

Brunekreef, Bert

doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500628

Cited by 83 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(44 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As spatial correlations among PM 2.5 , soot, and NO 2 are generally high, the observed results do not allow disentanglement of the role of these components in causing mortality effects following long-term exposure. The results from these and additional European studies are discussed further in another publication in this special issue (Brunekreef, 2007).…”

Section: Surrogate Measures Of Pollutant Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Panel discussion review: session two — interpretation of observed associations between multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses

Kim

Burnett

Neas

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollution epidemiologic research has often utilized ambient air concentrations measured from centrally located monitors as a surrogate measure of exposure to these pollutants. Associations between these ambient concentrations and health outcomes such as lung function, hospital admissions, and mortality have been examined in short-and long-term cohort studies as well as in time-series and case-crossover studies. The issues related to interpreting the observed associations of ambient air pollutants with health outcomes were discussed at the US EPA sponsored workshop on December 13 and 14, 2006 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. The second session of this workshop focused on the following topics: (1) statistical methodology and study designs that may improve understanding of multipollutant health effects; (2) ambient concentrations as surrogate measures of pollutant mixtures; and (3) source-focused epidemiologic research. New methodology and approaches to better distinguish the effects of individual pollutants include multicity hierarchical modeling and the use of case-crossover analysis to control for copollutants. An alternative approach is to examine the mixture as a whole using principal component analysis. Another important consideration is to what extent the observed health associations are attributable to individual pollutants, which are often from common sources and are correlated, versus the pollutant mixtures that the pollutants are representing. For example, several ambient air concentrations, such as particulate matter mass, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, may be serving as surrogate measures of motor vehicle exhaust. Source apportionment analysis is one method that may allow further advancement in understanding the source components that contribute to multipollutant health effects.

show abstract

Section: Surrogate Measures Of Pollutant Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Panel discussion review: session two — interpretation of observed associations between multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses

Kim

Burnett

Neas

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Air Pollution -New Developments 6 Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is one air pollutant frequently used as a surrogate for traffic related pollution in prospective studies, both in adults and in children (Jerrett et al, 2008;Brunekreef, 2007). This is the case because outdoor NO 2 levels correlate well with traffic generated pollutants.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 89%

Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Reproductive Outcomes

Ballester¹,

Íñiguez²

2011

Air Pollution - New Developments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Much is based on time-series studies -only a few cohort studies consider the morbidity impact of chronic exposure. The literature shows some evidence linking long-term pollution to respiratory problems (Brunekreef, 2007, Götschi et al, 2008, and Schindler et al, 2009. However, none of these studies provided satisfactory ERCs to describe the impact on hospital admissions.…”

Section: Impact On Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although multi-pollutant studies were preferred for deriving the ERCs, it is difficult to isolate the impacts of individual pollutants completely. Brunekreef (2007) noted that the presence of NO 2 and particulates was often highly correlated.…”

Section: Impact On Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact on human health of car-related air pollution in the UK, 1995–2005

Smith

Axon

Darton

2013

Atmospheric Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have analysed the impact on human health of emissions produced by the UK car fleet in the years 1995 and 2005. Calculations were based on reported measurements of pollutant concentration, literature values of exposure response coefficients and data for mortality and morbidity. A share was attributed to the car fleet based on emissions data. Although the total distance driven in the UK increased by 16% over this period to 460 billion km, there was a significant fall in engine emissions as increasingly stringent regulations (EURO standards) were introduced. As a result there was a decrease of some 25% in the number of deaths attributable to car-related air pollution -down to 5589 in 2005. The estimated number of years of life lost at 65 000 (England and Wales) in 2005, was about half that caused by road accidents involving cars in the same year. We report further calculations which show the effect of car-related pollution on hospital admissions. Our method is straightforward, providing acceptable estimates for health impacts on the predominantly urban population of the UK. There remains a need for more work, particularly cohort studies of morbidity, to establish the long-term effects of air pollution.

show abstract

Health effects of air pollution observed in cohort studies in Europe

Cited by 83 publications

References 43 publications

Panel discussion review: session two — interpretation of observed associations between multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses

Panel discussion review: session two — interpretation of observed associations between multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses

Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Reproductive Outcomes

The impact on human health of car-related air pollution in the UK, 1995–2005

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About