Health effects from stratospheric ozone depletion and interactions with climate change

Caldwell, Martyn M.; Ballaré, Carlos L.; Bornman, Janet F.; Flint, Stephan D.; Björn, Lars Olof; Teramura, Alan H.; Kulandaivelu, G.; Tevini, Manfred

doi:10.1039/b211159b

Cited by 310 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…At ambient UV-B levels, crosstalk between wound and UV-B signaling pathways modifies plantinsect interactions (8). Importantly, exposure to low nondamaging levels of UV-B has numerous regulatory effects on plant morphology, development, physiology, and biochemical composition (1,5,6,9). Low fluence rates of UV-B promote the expression of a range of genes involved in UV-B protection (5, 6, 10, 11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…UV-B can cause damage to macromolecules, including DNA, and generate reactive oxygen species. Because UV-B affects the growth, development, reproduction, and survival of many organisms, there is concern that any further increases in ambient levels of UV-B, resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion may have a significant impact on natural and agricultural ecosystems (1)(2)(3)(4). Hence, it is important to understand how plants and other organisms protect themselves against the potentially damaging effects of UV-B.…”

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A UV-B-specific signaling component orchestrates plant UV protection

Brown

Cloix

Jiang

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

483

792

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UV-B radiation in sunlight has diverse effects on humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. UV-B can cause damage to molecules and cells, and consequently organisms need to protect against and repair UV damage to survive in sunlight. In plants, low nondamaging levels of UV-B stimulate transcription of genes involved in UV-protective responses. However, remarkably little is known about the underlying mechanisms of UV-B perception and signal transduction. Here we report that Arabidopsis UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) is a UV-B-specific signaling component that orchestrates expression of a range of genes with vital UV-protective functions. Moreover, we show that UVR8 regulates expression of the transcription factor HY5 specifically when the plant is exposed to UV-B. We demonstrate that HY5 is a key effector of the UVR8 pathway, and that it is required for survival under UV-B radiation. UVR8 has sequence similarity to the eukaryotic guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1, but we found that it has little exchange activity. However, UVR8, like RCC1, is located principally in the nucleus and associates with chromatin via histones. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that UVR8 associates with chromatin in the HY5 promoter region, providing a mechanistic basis for its involvement in regulating transcription. We conclude that UVR8 defines a UV-B-specific signaling pathway in plants that orchestrates the protective gene expression responses to UV-B required for plant survival in sunlight.photomorphogenesis ͉ ultraviolet-B radiation ͉ UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 U V-B radiation (280-320 nm) is an integral component of sunlight. UV-B can cause damage to macromolecules, including DNA, and generate reactive oxygen species. Because UV-B affects the growth, development, reproduction, and survival of many organisms, there is concern that any further increases in ambient levels of UV-B, resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion may have a significant impact on natural and agricultural ecosystems (1-4). Hence, it is important to understand how plants and other organisms protect themselves against the potentially damaging effects of UV-B.Exposure to UV-B is obligatory for higher plants because of the need to maximize light capture for photosynthesis. The effects of UV-B on diverse species of plants have been reported in the literature, and it is evident that different responses are observed at different UV-B fluence rates (5, 6). Exposure to high amounts of UV-B causes tissue necrosis and induces the expression of stressassociated genes in part through activation of pathogen-defense and wound-signaling pathways (5-7). At ambient UV-B levels, crosstalk between wound and UV-B signaling pathways modifies plantinsect interactions (8). Importantly, exposure to low nondamaging levels of UV-B has numerous regulatory effects on plant morphology, development, physiology, and biochemical composition (1,5,6,9). Low fluence rates of UV-B promote the expression of a range of genes involved in UV-B protection (5, 6, 10, 11). These include genes c...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A UV-B-specific signaling component orchestrates plant UV protection

Brown

Cloix

Jiang

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

483

792

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The levels of solar UV-B radiation on earth vary markedly with the latitude, altitude, season and time of the day [ 1 ]. Plants distributed along lower latitudes or higher elevations, where UV-B radiation is higher, possess more pronounced adaptive mechanisms than those from higher latitudes and/or lower elevations [ 2 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The most sensitive part of the whole photosynthetic apparatus is the manganese cluster attached to the lumen exposed side of PSII that has been reported to be the first target of UV-B attack [ 6 ]. It is supposed that in addition to the primary damaging effect of UV-B radiation a formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is induced, that react with lipids, pigments, proteins and nucleic acid [ 7,8 ], thus causing secondary oxidative injury [ 2,9 ]. To cope with the deleterious effect of UV-B radiation, photosynthetic organisms respond by balancing between variety of damaging reactions by both repair and acclimation mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In plants UV-B radiation has a pronounced damaging effect on DNA, membranes and photosynthetic processes [ 1 ]. Damages affecting photosynthesis concern mainly PSII, the manganese cluster of the water splitting complex, disruption of thylakoid membranes, reduction of chlorophyll content, disturbance of membrane permeability, reduction of the activity and amount of Rubisco and other enzymes [ 1,2,4 ]. In addition, it has also been reported that PSII, in respect to its location, demonstrates different sensitivity towards UV-B radiation, the grana situated PSII being more sensitive than the stroma situated ones [ 5 ].…”

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Sensitivity of two Ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (Cvi and Te) towards UV‑B Irradiation

Velitchkova¹,

Stanoeva²,

Popova³

2013

Proceeding BAS

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The susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana towards the detrimental effect of UV-B irradiation was investigated using two ecotypes, Cvi and Te. The effect of UV-B treatment on primary photosynthetic reactions -energy interaction between the main pigment-protein complexes and oxygen evolution, was evaluated at low (4 • C) and at room (22 • C) temperature. UV-B-induced alterations of investigated photosynthetic reactions are better expressed at 22 • C than at 4 • C for Cvi. For Te ecotype the energy interaction was suppressed to higher extent at 22 • C, while oxygen evolving activity was affected similarly at both temperatures. At low and room temperature, the energy interaction in the complex PSII-core antenna is affected stronger by UV-B treatment than the energy distribution between both photosystems, as revealed by fluorescence ratios of 77 K spectra. The results presented indicate that the Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Cvi (Cape Verde Islands) is less affected by UV-B irradiation in respect to the investigated primary photosynthetic reactions than the ecotype Te (Finland).

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