Health education for patients with acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Abstract

ObjectivesThis umbrella review aimed to identify the current evidence on health education-related interventions for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM); identify the educational content, delivery methods, intensity, duration and setting required. The purpose was to provide recommendations for educational interventions for high-risk patients with both ACS and T2DM.DesignUmbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.SettingInpatient and postdischarge settings.ParticipantsPatients with ACS and T2DM.Data sourcesCINAHL, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute, Journals@Ovid, EMBase, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science databases from January 2000 through May 2016.Outcomes measuresClinical outcomes (such as glycated haemoglobin), behavioural outcomes (such as smoking), psychosocial outcomes (such as anxiety) and medical service use.ResultsFifty-one eligible reviews (15 for ACS and 36 for T2DM) consisting of 1324 relevant studies involving 2 88 057 patients (15 papers did not provide the total sample); 30 (58.8%) reviews were rated as high quality. Nurses only and multidisciplinary teams were the most frequent professionals to provide education, and most educational interventions were delivered postdischarge. Face-to-face sessions were the most common delivery formats, and many education sessions were also delivered by telephone or via web contact. The frequency of educational sessions was weekly or monthly, and an average of 3.7 topics was covered per education session. Psychoeducational interventions were generally effective at reducing smoking and admissions for patients with ACS. Culturally appropriate health education, self-management educational interventions, group medical visits and psychoeducational interventions were generally effective for patients with T2DM.ConclusionsResults indicate that there is a body of current evidence about the efficacy of health education, its content and delivery methods for patients with ACS or T2DM. These results provide recommendations about the content for, and approach to, health education intervention for these high-risk patients.

Child fever management: A comparative study of Australian parents with limited and functional health literacy

“…With the burgeoning of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease, associated with modifiable lifestyle risk factors, there is an urgent need to ensure that health communication optimizes the use of preventive health services (Berkman et al, ). Similarly, the key to the management of these chronic diseases, once established, is self‐management, which requires the person experiencing the condition to be able to understand and act upon information provided by health professionals (Liu, Shi, Willis, Wu, & Johnson, ). In a systematic review of interventions to reduce the effects of low literacy on health outcomes, most interventions focused on providing materials written in “simpler, easier‐to‐read prose” (Berkman et al, , p. 9).…”

“…Similarly, the key to the management of these chronic diseases, once established, is self-management, which requires the person experiencing the condition to be able to understand and act upon information provided by health professionals (Liu, Shi, Willis, Wu, & Johnson, 2017).…”

Efficacy of individualized education in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…[ 14 – 16 ] Individualized counseling or education, as well as a written plan of self-care on the basis of patient's personality, may improve patients’ motivation in adhering to dietary and life style modification measures. [ 17 ] This is supported via significant reductions in waist circumference, body mass index, and body weight, which are known to help diabetics control blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. [ 17 ] Moreover, a recent research suggested that the knowledge of diabetes was closely related to good control of blood glucose and medication adherence.…”

“…[ 17 ] This is supported via significant reductions in waist circumference, body mass index, and body weight, which are known to help diabetics control blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. [ 17 ] Moreover, a recent research suggested that the knowledge of diabetes was closely related to good control of blood glucose and medication adherence. [ 18 ] Despite the patients’ medication compliance is not evaluated in our current study, self-care programs and individualized education may improve the patients’ compliance with cardiovascular and hypoglycemia medications, so as to better control blood lipids, blood pressure, and blood glucose.…”

‘Better to save one life than build a seven-storied pagoda’: a qualitative study of health education for patients with acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai, China

“…Semistructured interviews included specific questions (see Interview Schedule, online supplementary appendix ) and prompts to obtain more information, to clarify the points being made or for participants to add additional information. 34 The items within the interview schedule were derived from an umbrella review conducted by the research team, 35 with some modification following three initial interviews.…”