Health disparities in cardiometabolic risk among Black and Hispanic youth in the United States

Katz, Sophia Figueroa; Rodríguez, Fátima; Knowles, Joshua

doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100175

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…13 This overrepresentation highlights the health inequities affecting this population. T2DM and obesity disproportionately affect children and young adults of minority racial and ethnic groups, 14 and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequities. 15 We identified distinct illness courses among children and young adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and T1DM or T2DM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children, adolescents, and young adults hospitalized with COVID ‐19 and diabetes in summer 2021

et al. 2022

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Introduction More information is needed to understand the clinical epidemiology of youth hospitalized with diabetes and COVID‐19. We describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients <21 years old hospitalized with COVID‐19 and either Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM or T2DM) during peak incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. Methods This is a descriptive sub‐analysis of a retrospective chart review of patients aged <21 years hospitalized with COVID‐19 in six US children's hospitals during July‐August 2021. Patients with COVID‐19 and either newly diagnosed or known T1DM or T2DM were described using originally collected data and diabetes‐related data specifically collected on these patients. Results Of the 58 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 and diabetes, 34 had T1DM and 24 had T2DM. Of those with T1DM and T2DM, 26% (9/34) and 33% (8/24), respectively, were newly diagnosed. Among those >12 years old and eligible for COVID‐19 vaccination, 93% were unvaccinated (42/45). Among patients with T1DM, 88% had diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and 6% had COVID‐19 pneumonia; of those with T2DM, 46% had DKA and 58% had COVID‐19 pneumonia. Of those with T1DM or T2DM, 59% and 46%, respectively, required ICU admission. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of considering diabetes in the evaluation of youth presenting with COVID‐19; the challenges of managing young patients who present with both COVID‐19 and diabetes, particularly T2DM; and the importance of preventive actions like COVID‐19 vaccination to prevent severe illness among those eligible with both COVID‐19 and diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children, adolescents, and young adults hospitalized with COVID ‐19 and diabetes in summer 2021

et al. 2022

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“…Incidence of Type 1 and 2 DM among Hispanic youth are rising more rapidly than among NHWs over time [ 85 , 86 ]. This differential trend therefore suggests that the burden of DM in the future will be disproportionate among ethnic groups, which disadvantages Hispanic individuals.…”

Section: Looking To the Future: Cvd Risk Among Hispanic Youth In The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Childhood DM has also been shown to increase CV risk, especially in terms of metabolic syndrome risk factors, in youth specifically [ 87 ]. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is newly being considered a strong independent CVD risk factor [ 88 ], especially in pediatric patients given the increased severity of disease in these cases compared to adult cases [ 85 , 89 ]. Recent data reveals that those with pediatric NAFLD are 15.2% Hispanic, 10.1% NHW, and 9.7% NHB [ 90 ], demonstrating that Hispanic youth carry the largest burden of NAFLD.…”

Section: Looking To the Future: Cvd Risk Among Hispanic Youth In The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible contributors to these ethnic disparities in CVD risk among youth in the USA include LEP, financial hardships, food deserts, poor access to healthcare insurance or facilities [ 85 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic has unfortunately created more significant financial hardships, decreased access to healthy foods, and made physical activity more difficult for children of historically disenfranchised groups in the US [ 91 ].…”

Section: Looking To the Future: Cvd Risk Among Hispanic Youth In The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Hispanic Individuals

Gomez

Blumer

Rodríguez

2022

Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep

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Purpose of Review This review summarizes contemporary data on unique cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Hispanic individuals in the USA, and how addressing these factors is important in addressing health equity. Recent Findings Recent studies have shown high rates of traditional CVD risk factors in Hispanic individuals such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and emerging CVD risk factors like hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, psychological stress, and occupational exposures. However, most studies fail to consider the significant heterogeneity in risk factor burden and outcomes in atherosclerotic CVD by Hispanic subgroup. Heart failure and rhythm disorders are less well studied in Hispanic adults, making risk assessment for these conditions difficult. High levels of CVD risk factors in Hispanic youth given an aging Hispanic population overall highlight the importance of risk mitigation among these individuals. Summary In brief, these data highlight the significant, unique burden of CVD risk among Hispanic individuals in the USA and predict a rising burden of disease among this growing and aging population. Future CVD research should focus on including robust, diverse Hispanic cohorts as well as specifically delineating results for disaggregated Hispanic groups across CVDs. This will allow for better risk assessment, prevention, and treatment decisions to promote health equity for Hispanic patients.

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“…Another critical consideration regarding public health and children and adolescents are current health and dietary disparities. Research indicates that black and Hispanic youth are disproportionately impacted by cardiometabolic risk factors [76]. There is also evidence that black and Hispanic youth consume more SSB [60,[77][78][79].…”

Section: Implications For Public Health and Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge Base of Beverage Health Impacts, Trends, and Intake Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: Implications for Public Health

2021

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Purpose of Review Improving beverage patterns is important for promoting the health of children and adolescents. Food preferences can begin developing at a young age; thus, children and adolescents should be provided healthy beverages in accordance with current recommendations. The purpose of this review is to identify and summarize existing beverage recommendations for children and adolescents. This review also discusses the health impacts of beverages and how beverage consumption has changed among children and adolescents over time. Recent FindingsThe mean number of calories that children and adolescents are consuming from beverages on a given day has declined in recent years. However, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are the primary source of added sugars in this population. Therefore, SSB consumption remains a concern, and reducing the intake of SSB is still considered a top priority for helping to improve dietary quality. Summary This review uniquely compiles recommendations into one convenient table for the entire age range of 0-19 years and includes recommendations that can be more adequately individualized. Beverage categories where beverage recommendations from authoritative sources are lacking have also been identified. Potential methods that can be implemented to improve beverage patterns and current public policy recommendations have been discussed to provide actionable steps that public health professionals can utilize in practice. The comprehensive table of beverage recommendations could be useful for professionals promoting the health of children and adolescents in research, clinical, and public health settings. KeywordsSugar-sweetened beverages • Obesity • Children • Adolescents • Beverage intake recommendations This article is part of the Topical Collection on Maternal and Childhood Nutrition.

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Health disparities in cardiometabolic risk among Black and Hispanic youth in the United States

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Children, adolescents, and young adults hospitalized with COVID ‐19 and diabetes in summer 2021

Children, adolescents, and young adults hospitalized with COVID ‐19 and diabetes in summer 2021

Unique Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Hispanic Individuals

Current Knowledge Base of Beverage Health Impacts, Trends, and Intake Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: Implications for Public Health

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