Health Disparities: A Perspective on Internal Migration and Health Behavior in Sudan

Fadlallah, Mahmoud Ali; Pal, Indrajit; Chatterjee, Joyee S.

doi:10.5334/aogh.2589

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is already known that WASH coverage differs among geographic areas. Several studies have explored WASH coverage in Sudan, but most were undertaken in only a few districts or states [23][24][25][26]. UNICEF recently assessed WASH coverage at the national and state level, but…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal geographic distribution of water and sanitation at the household and school level in Sudan

et al. 2021

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The Sudanese Government launched the National SDG-6 Plan and commences its implementation to achieve and sustain universal and equitable access to basic WASH services by 2030. It is critical to understand the geographical heterogeneity of Sudan and patterns in the inequality of access to safe drinking water and sanitation. Through such research, the disease control strategy can be optimized, and resource allocation can be prioritized. We explored spatial heterogeneity and inequality in access to improved water and sanitation across Sudan by mapping the coverage at both the state and district levels. We decomposed the inequality across Sudan into within-state, between-state, within-district, and between-state inequalities using the Theil L and Theil T indices. We calculated the Gini coefficient to assess the inequality of access to improved water and sanitation, based on the deviation of the Lorenz curve from the line of perfect equality. The study population was 105,167 students aged 8–13 at 1,776 primary schools across the country. Geographical heterogeneity was prominent in the Central Darfur, South Darfur, East Darfur, Kassala, West Kordofan, and Blue Nile States, all of which showed severe inequality in access to an improved latrine at the household level in terms of the Theil T or Theil L index. The overall inequality in the coverage of improved sanitation went beyond the warning limit of 0.4 for the Gini coefficient. The inequality in terms of the Theil L and Theil T indices, as well as the Gini coefficient, was always higher for improved sanitation than for improved water at the household level. Within-state inequality accounted for 66% or more of national inequalities in the distribution of improved sanitation and drinking water for both the Theil L and Theil T indices. This is the first study to measure geographical heterogeneity and inequalities in improved water and sanitation coverage across Sudan. The study may help to prioritize resource allocation to areas with the greatest water and sanitation needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal geographic distribution of water and sanitation at the household and school level in Sudan

et al. 2021

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“…A scoring system was employed, categorizing responses into scores of "1" for positive answers and "0" for unhealthy responses. The third part, centered on health-seeking behavior, incorporated nine questions derived from studies by [3,12,13]. The fourth part collected data on barriers to healthcare and suggested facilitators, utilizing close-ended questions with predefined options and allowing participants to add additional responses.…”

Section: Data Collection Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Borders: Exploring the Quality of Life, Health-Seeking Behavior, and Perceived Barriers in Health Services Utilization Among Sudanese Immigrants in Egypt

Hamdy

2024

Cureus

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Background: The detention of immigrants has adverse effects on both their health and their overall quality of life. In migration conditions, there is a notable impact on health-seeking behavior.Objective: This study aims to explore the quality of life, health-seeking behavior, and perceived barriers to health services utilization among Sudanese immigrants in Egypt. Materials and methods:The study employed a cross-sectional design to fulfill its objectives. A convenience sample comprising 385 Sudanese immigrants post-war was utilized. The researcher employed a structured questionnaire consisting of four parts: socio-demographic data, a quality of life questionnaire, an assessment of health-seeking behavior, and an exploration of the barriers faced by Sudanese immigrant participants in accessing health services.Results: The study on Sudanese immigrants post-war revealed diverse perceptions of overall quality of life, with 41.6% reporting satisfaction, 32.4% an average state, and 26.0% unsatisfactory conditions. Factors such as gender, educational level, financial situation, and the primary reason for relocating to Egypt significantly influenced these outcomes (p<0.05). Encouragingly, 57.1% of the immigrants exhibited positive healthseeking behavior. Noteworthy barriers to healthcare access included limited awareness of available services (60.5%), competing priorities like work (53.2%), insufficient financial resources (49.6%), and extended waiting times in healthcare facilities (45.5%). These findings underscore the complex interplay of factors affecting the well-being and health-seeking patterns of Sudanese immigrants in their new environment. Conclusion:The research sheds light on key aspects of the well-being of Sudanese immigrants in Egypt, offering insights into their quality of life, health-seeking behavior, and perceived barriers to healthcare. The findings reveal a diverse spectrum of overall quality of life, with over a third expressing satisfaction, while a significant portion reported average or unsatisfactory levels. The study underscores the intricate influence of gender, educational level, financial situation, and the primary reason for immigration on the quality of life. Positive health-seeking behavior was observed in more than half of the participants, yet the identification of barriers to healthcare access signals challenges that warrant attention for enhancing overall health outcomes among this immigrant population. Implementing community-based health education programs plays a pivotal role in empowering immigrant Sudanese individuals in Egypt to make informed health choices and adopt healthy lifestyles.

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“…Gold mining in Sudan goes back to 3000 BC. 39 In 2017, the director-general of the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) declared that more than one million Sudanese are involved in artisanal gold mining, 40 41 Hence, artisanal gold mining in Sudan presents substantial risks to miners. 42 Nevertheless, it is believed that in LMIC, governmental oversight is rare, especially in areas where ASM is illegal.…”

Section: Gold Mining In Sudanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Safety and Health Management in Selected Industrial Sectors in Sudan

Abdelrahim

Otitolaiye

Omer

et al. 2023

Int J Occup Saf Health

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Introduction: Since Heinrich's early studies, work has been recognized as a substantial contributor to psychological and physical illness. Fast technological, economic, and social advancements have increased the number of occupational fatalities and illnesses in developing nations. Nonetheless, it is demonstrated that the creation, application, and enforcement of Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (OSHMS) reduce accidents and enhance employees' well-being. This study aims to understand Sudan's current occupational safety and health situation and identify any challenges or gaps in the current system. Methods: A mixed methods approach deploying a literature review and secondary data was adopted to answer the research question about the status of occupational health and safety in Sudan. Results: A comparison of the artisanal and organized gold mining sectors over the years 2018-2020 shows an increase in the number of accidents in the artisanal sector but a sharp decrease in both the number and severity of accidents in the organized sector. The frequency rate declined in the organized sector but fluctuated in the artisanal sector. It was also found that many OSH incidents of different types and levels of severity occurred. In 2020, the Fatal Accident Rate (FAR) was 66.48 in artisanal gold mining, 0.55 in organized gold mining, and 0.01 in oil and gas. However, calculating and comparing other sectors' performance indicators to evaluate OSH's status was not possible for many reasons. Conclusion: Findings were constrained, possibly due to the limited occupational health and safety data. There is an urgent need to strengthen and improve the governance of occupational safety and health in Sudan. A more comprehensive study needs to be undertaken to assess the status of the OSH in formal and non-formal sectors and investigate the correlation of OSH to workers’ well-being and the Sudanese economy.

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Health Disparities: A Perspective on Internal Migration and Health Behavior in Sudan

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Unequal geographic distribution of water and sanitation at the household and school level in Sudan

Unequal geographic distribution of water and sanitation at the household and school level in Sudan

Beyond Borders: Exploring the Quality of Life, Health-Seeking Behavior, and Perceived Barriers in Health Services Utilization Among Sudanese Immigrants in Egypt

Occupational Safety and Health Management in Selected Industrial Sectors in Sudan

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