Health consequences of forest fires in Indonesia

Frankenberg, Elizabeth; McKee, Douglas; Thomas, Duncan

doi:10.1353/dem.2005.0004

Cited by 145 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Smoke, toxic fumes and haze create poor visibility and, consequently hinder evacuation and the use of firefighting aircraft. They are also responsible for short and long-term health problems (e.g., [101][102][103]) and even loss of lives which can occur not only during but also in the aftermath of an event. The upward convective motion of the plume is powered by the amount of energy released by the combustion, integrated by the latent heat released when vapor condensation occurs [104][105][106][107].…”

Section: The Definition Of Extreme Wildfire Event As a Process And Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Tedim

Leone

Amraoui

et al. 2018

Fire

296

196

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Every year worldwide some extraordinary wildfires occur, overwhelming suppression capabilities, causing substantial damages, and often resulting in fatalities. Given their increasing frequency, there is a debate about how to address these wildfires with significant social impacts, but there is no agreement upon terminology to describe them. The concept of extreme wildfire event (EWE) has emerged to bring some coherence on this kind of events. It is increasingly used, often as a synonym of other terms related to wildfires of high intensity and size, but its definition remains elusive. The goal of this paper is to go beyond drawing on distinct disciplinary perspectives to develop a holistic view of EWE as a social-ecological phenomenon. Based on literature review and using a transdisciplinary approach, this paper proposes a definition of EWE as a process and an outcome. Considering the lack of a consistent "scale of gravity" to leverage extreme wildfire events such as in natural hazards (e.g., tornados, hurricanes and earthquakes) we present a proposal of wildfire classification with seven categories based on measurable fire spread and behavior parameters and suppression difficulty. The categories 5 to 7 are labeled as EWE.

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Section: The Definition Of Extreme Wildfire Event As a Process And Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Tedim

Leone

Amraoui

et al. 2018

Fire

296

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is important because it allows us to easily interpret the benets of the closure, which also imposed signicant economic costs in the form of lost prots and wages. We estimate the direct eect of the policy on labor supply, with (Equation 16) and without (Equation 15) census block-specic year trends:…”

Section: Policy Impact Evaluation (Reduced Form Estimation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pollution on labor supply: Evidence from a natural experiment in Mexico City

Hanna

Oliva

2015

Journal of Public Economics

412

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Moderate eects of pollution on health may exert an important inuence on labor market decisions. We exploit exogenous variation in pollution due to the closure of a large renery in Mexico City to understand how pollution impacts labor supply. The closure led to an 8 percent decline in pollution in the surrounding neighborhoods. We nd that a one percent increase in sulfur dioxide results in a 0.72 percent decrease in the hours worked. The eects do not appear to be driven by labor demand shocks nor dierential migration as a result of the closure in the areas located near the renery.

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“…Severe haze in Southeast Asia has attracted the attention of governments and the general public in recent years due to its impact on local economy, air quality, and public health (Miettinen et al, 2011;Kunii et al, 2002;Frankenberg et al, 2005;Crippa et al, 2016). Widespread biomass burning activities are one of the major sources of haze events in Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of air pollutants from fire and non-fire emissions on the regional air quality in Southeast Asia

Lee

Iraqui

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Severe haze events in Southeast Asia caused by particulate pollution have become more intense and frequent in recent years. Widespread biomass burning occurrences and particulate pollutants from human activities other than biomass burning play important roles in degrading air quality in Southeast Asia. In this study, numerical simulations have been conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a chemistry component (WRF-Chem) to quantitatively examine the contributions of aerosols emitted from fire (i.e., biomass burning) versus nonfire (including fossil fuel combustion, and road dust, etc.) sources to the degradation of air quality and visibility over Southeast Asia. These simulations cover a time period from 2002 to 2008 and are driven by emissions from (a) fossil fuel burning only, (b) biomass burning only, and (c) both fossil fuel and biomass burning. The model results reveal that 39 % of observed low-visibility days (LVDs) can be explained by either fossil fuel burning or biomass burning emissions alone, a further 20 % by fossil fuel burning alone, a further 8 % by biomass burning alone, and a further 5 % by a combination of fossil fuel burning and biomass burning. Analysis of an 24 h PM 2.5 air quality index (AQI) indicates that the case with coexisting fire and non-fire PM 2.5 can substantially increase the chance of AQI being in the moderate or unhealthy pollution level from 23 to 34 %. The premature mortality in major Southeast Asian cities due to degradation of air quality by particulate pollutants is estimated to increase from ∼ 4110 per year in 2002 to ∼ 6540 per year in 2008. In addition, we demonstrate the importance of certain missing non-fire anthropogenic aerosol sources including anthropogenic fugitive and industrial dusts in causing urban air quality degradation. An experiment of using machine learning algorithms to forecast the occurrence of haze events in Singapore is also explored in this study. All of these results suggest that besides minimizing biomass burning activities, an effective air pollution mitigation policy for Southeast Asia needs to consider controlling emissions from non-fire anthropogenic sources.

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Health consequences of forest fires in Indonesia

Cited by 145 publications

References 33 publications

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

The effect of pollution on labor supply: Evidence from a natural experiment in Mexico City

Impacts of air pollutants from fire and non-fire emissions on the regional air quality in Southeast Asia

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