“…Healthcare tourism has emerged rapidly and become a contributory sector in the tourism industry, which involves people who frequently travel to overseas countries for obtaining medical, dental and surgical care whilst simultaneously enjoying tourism destinations (Hall, 2011; Bristow and Yang, 2015; Kamassi et al , 2020; Bagga et al , 2020; Chaulagain et al , 2021; Cham et al , 2021b; Wang et al , 2021). In Asia, healthcare tourism has recently grown dramatically in eastern countries such as India, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia primarily because of the high costs of treatment in Western countries, long waiting lists for treatment, relative affordability of international air travel and unfavourable economic exchange rates (Sopha et al , 2019; Medhekar et al , 2020; Lwin et al , 2021). Consumer interest, adoption, loyalty and revisit intention are fundamental elements to develop destination brand building (San Martín et al , 2019).…”