Health Care–Associated Infections in Children

Foster, Charles B.

doi:10.1001/jama.2011.449

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a study by Gravel which was somewhat similar to our finding (24). The difference in HAIs prevalence between adults and children has been also mentioned by Foster and Sabella (25). The probable reasons for lower HAIs in pediatric wards could be more hand hygiene compliance by both health care providers and parents, shorter length of hospitalization in pediatric patients and less co-morbidities in children than adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pediatric Wards of Nemazee Teaching Hospital in Shiraz: A Comparison with the Whole Hospital

Dashti

Kadivar

Tabatabai

et al. 2019

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: The risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the developing countries can be up to 20 times greater than the developed countries. Objectives: As the prevalence of HAIs varies even in different wards of a hospital, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAIs in pediatric wards and to compare it with the whole hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nemazee Teaching Hospital in Shiraz. We used registered data that was reported monthly during a one-year period (March 20, 2016 to March 20, 2017). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The average prevalence of HAIs in pediatric wards was 7.77%, while it was 11.38% for the whole hospital. The most prevalent HAIs in the whole hospital and in pediatric wards were urinary tract and blood stream infections, respectively. The mean rate of HAIs was significantly different between various pediatric wards (F = 29.50, P = 0.0001) and all wards of the hospital (F = 27.16, P = 0.0001) (P < 0.05). Investigation of the prevalence of HAIs in the critical, medical, and surgical wards showed the highest prevalence in the critical care ward (13.22% in pediatric wards vs. 17.45% in the whole hospital). Acinetobacter was the most common microorganism causing HAIs in the whole hospital. Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of urinary tract infections in the whole hospital and blood stream infections in pediatric wards, preventive strategies to reduce the infections should be adopted. The high prevalence of HAIs in critical care wards even in pediatric wards compared to medical and surgical wards indicates the importance of interventions in such wards, especially for children with a weak immune system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pediatric Wards of Nemazee Teaching Hospital in Shiraz: A Comparison with the Whole Hospital

Dashti

Kadivar

Tabatabai

et al. 2019

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…Hospital acquired infections are a major threat in modern medicine causing significant morbidity and mortality especially in high risk populations, e.g. old or immunosuppressed patients [ 1 – 4 ]. A major risk factor predisposing patients to develop infectious complications are medical procedures involving the permanent or intermittent implantation of artificial devices, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 18 kDa Scaffold Protein Is Critical for Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation

et al. 2015

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Virulence of the nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis is crucially linked to formation of adherent biofilms on artificial surfaces. Biofilm assembly is significantly fostered by production of a bacteria derived extracellular matrix. However, the matrix composition, spatial organization, and relevance of specific molecular interactions for integration of bacterial cells into the multilayered biofilm community are not fully understood. Here we report on the function of novel 18 kDa Small basic protein (Sbp) that was isolated from S. epidermidis biofilm matrix preparations by an affinity chromatographic approach. Sbp accumulates within the biofilm matrix, being preferentially deposited at the biofilm–substratum interface. Analysis of Sbp-negative S. epidermidis mutants demonstrated the importance of Sbp for sustained colonization of abiotic surfaces, but also epithelial cells. In addition, Sbp promotes assembly of S. epidermidis cell aggregates and establishment of multilayered biofilms by influencing polysaccharide intercellular-adhesin (PIA) and accumulation associated protein (Aap) mediated intercellular aggregation. While inactivation of Sbp indirectly resulted in reduced PIA-synthesis and biofilm formation, Sbp serves as an essential ligand during Aap domain-B mediated biofilm accumulation. Our data support the conclusion that Sbp serves as an S. epidermidis biofilm scaffold protein that significantly contributes to key steps of surface colonization. Sbp-negative S. epidermidis mutants showed no attenuated virulence in a mouse catheter infection model. Nevertheless, the high prevalence of sbp in commensal and invasive S. epidermidis populations suggests that Sbp plays a significant role as a co-factor during both multi-factorial commensal colonization and infection of artificial surfaces.

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“…Pediatric settings were rarely considered although pediatric patients have higher rates of viral lower respiratory tract infections and bloodstream infections than adults, especially those younger than 2 years of age and those demanding care in neonatal ICUs and pediatric ICUs. 95 As the most popular transmission routes of infections in health care settings are via the transiently colonized hands of HCWs and/or contaminated medical equipment and the environment, modeling interactions between patient and HCW has dominated this field of research, followed by the environmental reservoir for transmission although to a much lesser extent. Simulation modeling studies have hardly considered direct HCW-to-HCW contact or interactions between visitors/caregivers and patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation models for transmission of health care–associated infection: A systematic review

Nguyen

Megiddo

Howick

2020

American Journal of Infection Control

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Background: Health care−associated infections (HAIs) are a global health burden because of their significant impact on patient health and health care systems. Mechanistic simulation modeling that captures the dynamics between patients, pathogens, and the environment is increasingly being used to improve understanding of epidemiological patterns of HAIs and to facilitate decisions on infection prevention and control (IPC). The purpose of this review is to present a systematic review to establish (1) how simulation models have been used to investigate HAIs and their mitigation and (2) how these models have evolved over time, as well as identify (3) gaps in their adoption and (4) useful directions for their future development. Methods: The review involved a systematic search and identification of studies using system dynamics, discrete event simulation, and agent-based model to study HAIs. Results: The complexity of simulation models developed for HAIs significantly increased but heavily concentrated on transmission dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the hospitals of highincome countries. Neither HAIs in other health care settings, the influence of contact networks within a health care facility, nor patient sharing and referring networks across health care settings were sufficiently understood.Conclusions: This systematic review provides a broader overview of existing simulation models in HAIs to identify the gaps and to direct and facilitate further development of appropriate models in this emerging field.

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Health Care–Associated Infections in Children

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pediatric Wards of Nemazee Teaching Hospital in Shiraz: A Comparison with the Whole Hospital

Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pediatric Wards of Nemazee Teaching Hospital in Shiraz: A Comparison with the Whole Hospital

An 18 kDa Scaffold Protein Is Critical for Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation

Simulation models for transmission of health care–associated infection: A systematic review

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