Health Burden of Pertussis in Adolescents and Adults

Rothstein, Edward; Edwards, Kathryn M.

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000160912.58660.87

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recently reported disease has increased in adolescents and adults, among whom the diagnosis of pertussis is especially problematic (7,8,10,16,30). Routine surveillance, outbreak investigations, and implementation of control measures have been limited by a lack of validated and standardized tests to identify suspected cases of pertussis (4,29,32,36,38).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and Analytical Validation of an Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection

Menzies

Kadwad

Pawloski

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Adequately sensitive and specific methods to diagnose pertussis in adolescents and adults are not widely available. Currently, no Food and Drug Administration-approved diagnostic assays are available for the serodiagnosis of Bordetella pertussis. Since concentrations of B. pertussis-specific antibodies tend to be high during the later phases of disease, a simple, rapid, easily transferable serodiagnostic test was developed. This article describes test development, initial evaluation of a prototype kit enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an interlaboratory collaborative study, and analytical validation. The data presented here demonstrate that the kit met all prespecified criteria for precision, linearity, and accuracy for samples with anti-pertussis toxin (PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentrations in the range of 50 to 150 ELISA units (EU)/ml, the range believed to be most relevant for serodiagnosis. The assay met the precision and linearity criteria for a wider range, namely, from 50 to 200 EU/ml; however, the accuracy criterion was not met at 200 EU/ml. When the newly adopted World Health Organization International Standard for pertussis antiserum (human) reference reagent was used to evaluate accuracy, the accuracy criteria were met from 50 to 200 international units/ml. In conclusion, the IgG anti-PT ELISA met all assay validation parameters within the range considered most relevant for serodiagnosis. This ELISA was developed and analytically validated as a user-friendly kit that can be used in both qualitative and quantitative formats. The technology for producing the kit is transferable to public health laboratories.

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confidence: 99%

Development and Analytical Validation of an Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection

Menzies

Kadwad

Pawloski

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…18 , 19 These countries use different case notification definitions to Australia. 20 The current analysis assumed that no costs were associated with unreported symptomatic cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is adding maternal vaccination to prevent whooping cough cost-effective in Australia?

Bellinghen

Dimitroff

Haberl

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Pertussis or whooping cough, a highly infectious respiratory infection, causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants. In adolescents and adults, pertussis presents with atypical symptoms often resulting in under-diagnosis and under-reporting, increasing the risk of transmission to more vulnerable groups. Maternal vaccination against pertussis protects mothers and newborns. This evaluation assessed the cost-effectiveness of adding maternal dTpa (reduced antigen diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular pertussis) vaccination to the 2016 nationally-funded pertussis program (DTPa [Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis] at 2, 4, 6, 18 months, 4 years and dTpa at 12–13 years) in Australia.A static cross-sectional population model was developed using a one-year period at steady-state. The model considered the total Australian population, stratified by age. Vaccine effectiveness against pertussis infection was assumed to be 92% in mothers and 91% in newborns, based on observational and case-control studies. The model included conservative assumptions around unreported cases.With 70% coverage, adding maternal vaccination to the existing pertussis program would prevent 8,847 pertussis cases, 422 outpatient cases, 146 hospitalizations and 0.54 deaths per year at the population level. With a 5% discount rate, 138.5 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) would be gained at an extra cost of AUS$ 4.44 million and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of AUS$ 32,065 per QALY gained. Sensitivity and scenario analyses demonstrated that outcomes were most sensitive to assumptions around vaccine effectiveness, duration of protection in mothers, and disutility of unreported cases.In conclusion, dTpa vaccination in the third trimester of pregnancy is likely to be cost-effective from a healthcare payer perspective in Australia.

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“…13,20,21,25 In studies from the United States, 26 France, 27 adolescents with a coughing illness of at least 1 week's duration have pertussis. 30,31 This proportion may change depending on the nature of pertussis activity at the time; during pertussis epidemics this may be higher than at other times. Unpublished NDD data on 15 NSW children aged under 12 months indicates that although for half the source of infection was unknown, an adult was identified as a potential source of infection in 13% of cases and young children in 33%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPIREVIEW: Pertussis in New South Wales, 1993–2005: the impact of vaccination policy on pertussis epidemiology

Viney

McAnulty

Campbell‐Lloyd

2007

NSW Public Health Bull.

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Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The disease is characterised by paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop and post-tussive vomiting. 1 Pertussis is transmitted via direct contact with discharges from the respiratory tract of infected individuals (probably via droplets), and the incubation period is 9-10 days on average. 2 A secondary attack rate of 90% has been recorded in non-immune household contacts. 2 Worldwide, the incidence of pertussis has been reported to be highest in children under 5 years, except where infant vaccination programs have achieved consistently high vaccination rates. 2 In NSW, there have been several changes to the immunisation schedule affecting pertussis vaccination in recent years. From 1985, a combined whole cell diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTPw) was included in the immunisation schedule at ages 2, 4 and 6 months, with a booster at 18 months. 3 In 1994, a fifth dose was introduced Methods: Surveillance data from the NSW Notifiable Diseases Database was reviewed for the period. Results: 35695 cases of pertussis were notified; annual incidence rates varied from 18.4 to 84.2 per 100000 people. The highest rates of pertussis were consistently found in infants aged 0-6 months. Rates of disease in other age groups changed markedly over the study period, with high rates currently observed in adult age groups. Conclusions: New strategies may be needed to control pertussis in infants and in adults who now comprise the largest proportion of cases.

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Health Burden of Pertussis in Adolescents and Adults

Cited by 88 publications

References 43 publications

Development and Analytical Validation of an Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection

Development and Analytical Validation of an Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection

Is adding maternal vaccination to prevent whooping cough cost-effective in Australia?

EPIREVIEW: Pertussis in New South Wales, 1993–2005: the impact of vaccination policy on pertussis epidemiology

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