Health benefits of sesamin on cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors

Abstract

Sesamin, a major lignin isolated from sesame ( Sesamum indicum ) seeds and sesame oil, is known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have revealed that oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This comprehensive review summarizes the evidence on the effects of sesamin on CVD and its risk factors, principally due to its antioxidant properties. Specifically, this review highlights the mechanisms underlying the anti-hypertensive, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity, lipolytic effects of sesamin both in vivo and in vitro , and identifies the signaling pathways targeted by sesamin and its metabolites. The data indicates that RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, p38, p53, IL-6, TNFα, and NF-κB signaling networks are all involved in moderating the various effects of sesamin on CVD and its risk factors. In conclusion, the experimental evidence suggesting that sesamin can reduce CVD risk is convincing. Thus, sesamin can be potentially useful as an adjuvant therapeutic agent to combat CVD and its multitude of risk factors.

Inhibition Potencies of Phytochemicals Derived from Sesame Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: A Molecular Docking and Simulation Study

“…Several in vitro and in vivo studies illustrate the neuroprotective role of sesamin against cerebral ischemia (Chung et al, 2010;Dar and Arumugam, 2013). Also, this major lignin compound has demonstrated other biological activities such as antihypertensive, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, antidiabetic, anticancer, cardiovascular, and antiinflammatory (Kumar et al, 2018;Dalibalta et al, 2020). Of note, sesamin has been previously shown to be effective against swine flu (influenza type A H1N1) through in silico and in vitro studies (Fanhchaksai et al, 2015).…”

“…Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an herbaceous annual plant cultivated for its edible seed, oil, and flavorsome value, belonging to the order Tubiflorae, family Pedaliaceae with many common names including gingelly, til, and benne seed (Bhat et al, 2014;Pathak et al, 2019). This oil crop is regarded as "queen of oilseeds" because of its property of resistance to oxidation and rancidity (Dalibalta et al, 2020). Sesame is widely cultivated in the tropical parts of Africa and Asia, India being one of the major producers with Myanmar, China, and Sudan (Majdalawieh et al, 2017).…”

Role of Uremic Toxins in Early Vascular Ageing and Calcification

“…Liu et al [ 195 ] demonstrated that puerarin administration attenuates VC by inhibiting inflammation. Sesamin, a lignin extracted from sesame seeds and sesame oil, has shown benefits in CVD [ 196 ]. Animal models exposed to this agent showed enhanced inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC proliferation [ 197 ], attenuated degradation of collagen and elastin fibers [ 198 ] and diminished VSMC proliferation and migration [ 88 ].…”

Sesamin Protects against and Ameliorates Rat Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury with Involvement of Activating Nrf2/HO‐1/NQO1 Signaling Pathway

“…Sesamin is found to protect against diverse tissue injuries, including brain injury [10,57], liver injury [58][59][60][61][62], lung injury [63,64], and renal injury [7,65,66]. Sesamin is also found to have diverse biological effects in amelioration of inflammation [4,5,67,68], oxidation [4,5,67], and apoptosis [60,61,66,68]. These studies indicate that sesamin may play a potential role in ameliorating intestinal injury, especially intestinal I/R injury.…”

“…Sesamin (Figure 1), a natural lignin compound, is isolated from sesame seeds, and it possesses health beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, antidiabetic, antiatherogenic, antiobesity, and lipolytic effects [4,5], and ameliorates intestinal, renal, cardiac, brain, and hepatic injury [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, the key modulatory properties and characteristics of sesamin and related mechanisms in ameliorating intestinal I/R injury remain to be explored.…”