Health benefits from reducing indoor air pollution from household solid fuel use in China — Three abatement scenarios

Mestl, Heidi E.S.; Aunan, Kristin; Seip, H. M.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.03.012

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The difference in estimates likely reflects that such analyses are still in early stages in places like China. Mestl et al (2007b) appear to base their analysis of premature deaths on the difference between actual IAP and assuming that every household in China met an air quality standard of 150 mg/m 3 . Mestl et al (2007b) suggest that the WHO estimate is low for specific technical reasons.…”

Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the time periods are not fully comparable. Mestl et al (2007b) uses PM 10 estimates in Mestl et al (2007a), further refined by fuel type. PM 10 concentrations are broken down, in each of four generic areas (rural vs. urban, north vs. south), into separate contributions of outdoor air and indoor air, depending on indoor fuel used.…”

Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may reflect preferential use of lower emitting coal briquettes in urban areas, especially in the north (personal communication, Dr. Kristen Aunan), in combination with greater use of chimneys in urban areas. Mestl et al (2007b) use their estimates of pollution exposure to develop estimates of mortality from indoor use of solid fuels (assuming that PM from biomass and PM from coal are equally harmful). They estimate that 3.5 million people die prematurely due to IAP in China, which in their estimation accounts for 47% of all deaths in China.…”

Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Grahame

Klemm

Schlesinger

2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

238

157

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In 2012, the WHO classified diesel emissions as carcinogenic, and its European branch suggested creating a public health standard for airborne black carbon (BC). In 2011, EU researchers found that life expectancy could be extended four to nine times by reducing a unit of BC, vs reducing a unit of PM 2.5. Only recently could such determinations be made. Steady improvements in research methodologies now enable such judgments.In this Critical Review, we survey epidemiological and toxicological literature regarding carbonaceous combustion emissions, as research methodologies improved over time. Initially, we focus on studies of BC, diesel, and traffic emissions in the Western countries (where daily urban BC emissions are mainly from diesels). We examine effects of other carbonaceous emissions, e.g., residential burning of biomass and coal without controls, mainly in developing countries.Throughout the 1990s, air pollution epidemiology studies rarely included species not routinely monitored. As additional PM 2.5. chemical species, including carbonaceous species, became more widely available after 1999, they were gradually included in epidemiological studies. Pollutant species concentrations which more accurately reflected subject exposure also improved models.Natural "interventions" -reductions in emissions concurrent with fuel changes or increased combustion efficiency; introduction of ventilation in highway tunnels; implementation of electronic toll payment systems -demonstrated health benefits of reducing specific carbon emissions. Toxicology studies provided plausible biological mechanisms by which different PM species, e.g., carbonaceous species, may cause harm, aiding interpretation of epidemiological studies.Our review finds that BC from various sources appears to be causally involved in all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiovascular mortality, morbidity, and perhaps adverse birth and nervous system effects. We recommend that the U.S. EPA rubric for judging possible causality of PM 2.5. mass concentrations, be used to assess which PM 2.5. species are most harmful to public health. Implications: Black carbon (BC) and correlated co-emissions appear causally related with all-cause, cardiovascular, and lung cancer mortality, and perhaps with adverse birth outcomes and central nervous system effects. Such findings are recent, since widespread monitoring for BC is also recent. Helpful epidemiological advances (using many health relevant PM 2.5 species in models; using better measurements of subject exposure) have also occurred. "Natural intervention" studies also demonstrate harm from partly combusted carbonaceous emissions. Toxicology studies consistently find biological mechanisms explaining how such emissions can cause these adverse outcomes. A consistent mechanism for judging causality for different PM 2.5 species is suggested.A list of acronyms will be found at the end of the article. Aims of Critical ReviewThis critical review (CR) consists of three main sections. First, we review recent major regulatory and scien...

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Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Grahame

Klemm

Schlesinger

2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

238

157

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“…Smokes as the result of traditional stove which temperature is still high enough for heating process is usually released spontaneously to the air and fulfills the kitchen so that, it needs two flames to heat two pots in the same time. The smokes, even though as the result of perfect combustion process, will also affects one's health [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Chimney Height Variation Against Double Pots Biomass Stove Performance

Faisal¹,

Setiawan²,

Wusnah³

et al. 2018

MST

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This research aims to get optimal chimneys height of double pots biomass stove. Optimal chimneys height needs to provide best performance of the stove. Experimental study was done by varied the chimney heights. Water boiling test as the standard method was used to obtained stove performance for each chimney height variation. The results showed that best performance stove was the one with 1.65 cm chimney height, with thermal efficiency at 37.66%. AbstractStudi Eksperimental Variasi Tinggi Chimney terhadap Kinerja Tungku Pot Ganda Berbasis Biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan tinggi chimney optimum dari tungku biomassa pot ganda. Tinggi chimney yang optimal dapat memberikan kinerja terbaik dari tungku. Studi eksperimental dilakukan dengan variasi ketinggian chimney. Uji pendidihan air sebagai metode standar digunakan untuk mendapatkan kinerja kompor untuk setiap variasi tinggi chimney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja terbaik tungku didapatkan saat ketinggian chimney 1,65 cm, dengan efisiensi thermal sebesar 37,66%.

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“…Recommended actions toward healthy air in dwellings are: improve ventilation, improve cleaning methods and housing hygiene, avoid wall-to-wall carpeting, control moisture to prevent accumulation of mold, control the sources of pollution (e.g., tobacco smoke and emissions from building and consumer products), carry out education and information campaigns [2,[63][64][65]. Most of these prevention strategies are valid regardless of cultural and climatic differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Pollution and Airway Disease

Viegi

Simoni

Scognamiglio

et al.

Allergy Frontiers: Epigenetics, Allergens and Risk Factors

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A good quality of indoor environment (dwellings, workplaces, schools, day care centers, bars, and discotheques) is a very important environment and health target, in so far as subjects in industrialized countries spend over 90% of their time indoors [1].The quality of indoor environments depends on the quality of the atmospheric air that penetrates from outdoors and on the presence of indoor air pollution sources. Modern dwellings are often thermally insulated and have a low ventilation rate, to improve energy efficiency [1], but these aspects can deteriorate the indoor air quality. Indeed, pollutants are less diluted indoors than outdoors, possibly reaching higher concentrations. Moreover, the indoor environment is a result of the interaction between building system, construction techniques and materials, contaminant sources, and building occupants [2].As regarding pollutants produced indoors, the most important are nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and biological allergens. In developing countries, relevant sources of indoor pollution include biomass and coal burning for cooking and heating. Almost 3 billion people worldwide (around 50% of the world's population) use biomass fuels as primary source for cooking, home heating, and light [3,4]. A study on the global burden of disease attributable to major risk factors showed that, in 2000, over 1.6 million premature deaths, and about 3% of the global burden of disease, were attributable to indoor air pollution from solid fuels

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Health benefits from reducing indoor air pollution from household solid fuel use in China — Three abatement scenarios

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Experimental Study of the Chimney Height Variation Against Double Pots Biomass Stove Performance

Indoor Air Pollution and Airway Disease

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