Health benefits and possible risks of broccoli – An overview

Latté, Klaus Peter; Appel, Klaus-Erich; Lampen, Alfonso

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.08.019

Cited by 234 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…The breakdown products of GSs have lots of biological functions related to human health and nutrition, such as flavoring Brassica vegetables and preventing cancer, and related to plant defense systems, such as deterring herbivores and pathogens (Hecht, 2000;Mithen et al, 2000;Wittstock and Gershenzon, 2002;Padilla et al, 2007). GSs and their hydrolysis products have strong anticancer effects (Latte et al, 2011). For example, sulphoraphane, the isothiocyanate breakdown product of glucoraphanin, has been shown to inhibit Phase I carcinogenic activation enzymes and induce Phase II detoxification enzymes (Kim and Milner, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in glucosinolates in pak choi cultivars and various organs at different stages of vegetative growth during the harvest period

Bao-cheng

Yang

Zhu

2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Glucosinolates (GSs) play an important role in plant defense systems and human nutrition. We investigated the content and composition of GSs in the shoots and roots of seven cultivars of pak choi. We found that 'Si Yue Man' had the highest total and aliphatic GS contents in the shoots and the highest benzenic GS content in the roots, 'Shanghai Qing' contained the highest amounts of benzenic and total GS contents in the roots, while 'Nanjing Zhong Gan Bai' had the lowest benzenic, indole, and total GS contents in both the shoots and roots. Therefore, the 'Si Yue Man' cultivar appears to be a good candidate for future breeding. Variation between the shoots and roots was also examined, and a significant correlation among the total, aliphatic, and some individual GSs was found, which is of value in agricultural breeding. GS concentrations of the leaf, petiole, and root increased dramatically during the period of rapid growth of the dry matter of the plant 10 to 20 d after transplantation, reaching peak values on Day 20 and decreasing on Day 25. We conclude that the pak choi should be harvested and consumed from 20 to 25 d after transplantation to take advantages of the high GS content in the plant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in glucosinolates in pak choi cultivars and various organs at different stages of vegetative growth during the harvest period

Bao-cheng

Yang

Zhu

2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…The predominant glucosinolates in most broccoli varieties include glucoraphanin, glucoerucin and glucobrassicin. When broccoli sprouts are chipped, mechanically damaged or attacked by pest, glucosinolates directly bond with myrosinase and are mainly converted into isothiocyanates (ITCs), such as sulforaphane, erucin and iberin (Grubb and Abel 2006;Latté et al 2011). Myrosinase-catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolates initially involves cleavage of the thioglucoside linkage, yielding D-glucose and an unstable thiohydroximate-O-sulfonate that is spontaneously rearranged, which results in production of sulfate and a wide range of possible reaction products (Fahey et al 2003;Angelino and Jeffery 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of enzymatic production of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts and their total antioxidant activity at different growth and storage days

Tian

et al. 2016

J Food Sci Technol

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Sulforaphane, a type of isothiocyanate hydrolysed from glucosinolate, is a powerful anticancer compound naturally found in food especially in broccoli sprouts. Despite the function of sulforaphane has been extensively studied in recent years, little attention has been given to methods that can maximize the production of this compound in broccoli sprouts. The present study optimised the enzymolysis conditions for sulforaphane production in broccoli sprouts using response surface methodology. The maximum sulforaphane production (246.95 lg/g DW) was achieved using a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30, hydrolysis time of 1.5 h, ascorbic acid content of 3.95 mg/g DW sample, and temperature of 65°C. The highest sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts were 233.80 lg/g DW in 5-day-old sprouts and 1555.95 lg/g DW at day 4 of storage. The highest antioxidant activities were 37.22 U/min/g DW in 3-day-old sprouts and 35.08 U/min/g DW on 4th day of storage.

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“…16,17 In contrast to these beneficial effects of glucosinolates, there is evidence (primarily from animal studies) of adverse effects on the thyroid caused by the glucosinolate progoitrin, from which the product of myrosinase-induced degradation is goitrin (Figure 1). [18][19][20][21] Iodine is a dietary micronutrient required for the production of thyroid hormone, and the potential adverse effects of goitrin and thiocyanates are based on their ability to inhibit iodine utilization by the thyroid. Despite the development of high-performance liquid chromatographyÀmass spectrometry methods for Methylthiobutyl (Glucoerucin) Goitrin (5 vinyl oxazolidine-2-thione) Figure 1 Pathway for conversion of methylthiobutyl glucosinolate to goitrin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism

2016

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Brassica vegetables are common components of the diet and have beneficial as well as potentially adverse health effects. Following enzymatic breakdown, some glucosinolates in brassica vegetables produce sulforaphane, phenethyl, and indolylic isothiocyanates that possess anticarcinogenic activity. In contrast, progoitrin and indolylic glucosinolates degrade to goitrin and thiocyanate, respectively, and may decrease thyroid hormone production. Radioiodine uptake to the thyroid is inhibited by 194 lmol of goitrin, but not by 77 lmol of goitrin. Collards, Brussels sprouts, and some Russian kale (Brassica napus) contain sufficient goitrin to potentially decrease iodine uptake by the thyroid. However, turnip tops, commercial broccoli, broccoli rabe, and kale belonging to Brassica oleracae contain less than 10 lmol of goitrin per 100-g serving and can be considered of minimal risk. Using sulforaphane plasma levels following glucoraphanin ingestion as a surrogate for thiocyanate plasma concentrations after indole glucosinolate ingestion, the maximum thiocyanate contribution from indole glucosinolate degradation is estimated to be 10 lM, which is significantly lower than background plasma thiocyanate concentrations (40-69 lM). Thiocyanate generated from consumption of indole glucosinolate can be assumed to have minimal adverse risks for thyroid health.

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Health benefits and possible risks of broccoli – An overview

Cited by 234 publications

References 179 publications

Variation in glucosinolates in pak choi cultivars and various organs at different stages of vegetative growth during the harvest period

Variation in glucosinolates in pak choi cultivars and various organs at different stages of vegetative growth during the harvest period

Optimisation of enzymatic production of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts and their total antioxidant activity at different growth and storage days

Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism

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