Health and Socio-economic Position

Smith, George Davey

doi:10.1177/135910539700200301

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Adler et al, 1994;Anderson & Armstead, 1995;Carroll & Davey Smith, 1997;Carroll, Davey Smith, & Bennett, 1996). A number of questions about this association remain, however.…”

Section: The Strong and Positive Associationmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Relationship of Socio-economic Status, Labor Force Participation, and Health among Men and Women

Ostrove

Adler

1998

J Health Psychol

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Using survey data from an extensive sample of Californians in the United States, we examined the relationship among indicators of socio-economic status (SES) and health for men and women in and out of the paid labor force. In contrast to data reported from the mid-1980s in which correlations among SES variables were stronger among men than among women, correlations among education, income, and occupation were similarly high among women and men. All SES variables were significantly related to health, such that as SES increased, self- reported health status increased. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated an additive effect of labor force participation and SES in predicting health among men, with main effects both of labor force participation and of income and education on health. Among women, there was an interactive effect of these variables, such that the relationship of income and of education to health was more pronounced among women who were not in the paid labor force.

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“…Adler et al, 1994;Anderson & Armstead, 1995;Carroll & Davey Smith, 1997;Carroll, Davey Smith, & Bennett, 1996). A number of questions about this association remain, however.…”

Section: The Strong and Positive Associationmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Relationship of Socio-economic Status, Labor Force Participation, and Health among Men and Women

Ostrove

Adler

1998

J Health Psychol

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“…Scholarly interest in the relationship between inequality and health has increased dramatically over the past decade, and the literature has grown large and contentious (Carroll and Davey Smith 1997;Daniels, Kennedy, and Kawachi 2000;Kaplan and Lynch 1997;Lewis et al 2000;Link and Phelan 2000;Lynch and Kaplan 1997;Mackenbach 2002;Robert 1999;Robert and House 2000;Syme and Yen 2000;Wagstaff and van Doorslaer 2000;Williams and Collins 1995). Many credit Wilkinson (1992; for the upsurge in interest (Judge et al 1998;Robert 1999), and in the years since his pioneering work, scholars have produced much research that supports the hypothesis that income inequality harms population health (Lynch and Kaplan 1997;.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does Income Inequality Harm Health? New Cross-National Evidence

2004

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The provocative hypothesis that income inequality harms population health has sparked a large body of research, some of which has reported strong associations between income inequality and population health. Cross-national evidence is frequently cited in support of this important hypothesis, but the hypothesis remains controversial, and the cross-national work has been criticized for several methodological shortcomings. This study replicates previous work using a larger sample (692 observations from 115 countries over the 1947-1996 period), a wider range of statistical controls, and fixed-effects models that address heterogeneity bias. The relationship between health and inequality shrinks when controls are included. In fixed-effects models that capture unmeasured heterogeneity, the association between income inequality and health disappears. The null findings hold for two measures of income inequality: the Gini coefficient and the share of income received by the poorest quintile of the population. Analysis of a sample of wealthy countries also fails to support the hypothesis.

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“…The evidence so far indicates that personal income is strongly associated with several measures of morbidity. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, interpretation of these relations is hampered by inadequate understanding of both what determines income and what income "buys"-that is, what are the benefits of high income.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of income and wealth on GHQ depression and poor self rated health in white collar women and men in the Whitehall II study

Martikainen

Adda²,

Ferrie³

et al. 2003

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

123

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Study objective: To determine whether measures of income and wealth are associated with poor self rated health and GHQ depression. Design: Whitehall II study of London based civil servants re-interviewed between 1997-1999; 7162 participants. Main results: A twofold age adjusted difference in morbidity was observed between the top and bottom of the personal income hierarchy for both sexes. For household income and particularly for wealth these associations are stronger. After adjusting for health at baseline the associations between personal income and both health outcomes are reduced by about 40%-60%. For household income the attenuation is somewhat smaller and for wealth is about 30%. Adjusting for other sociodemographic factors leads to further attenuation of the effects. Conclusions:The associations between income, particularly personal income, and morbidity can be largely accounted for by pre-existing health and other measures of social position. The strong independent association between household wealth-a measure of income earned over decades and across generations-and morbidity are likely to be related to a set of early and current material and psychosocial benefits.

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Health and Socio-economic Position

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The Relationship of Socio-economic Status, Labor Force Participation, and Health among Men and Women

The Relationship of Socio-economic Status, Labor Force Participation, and Health among Men and Women

Does Income Inequality Harm Health? New Cross-National Evidence

Effects of income and wealth on GHQ depression and poor self rated health in white collar women and men in the Whitehall II study

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