Health and Nutrition: Policy, Consumer and Industry Perspectives

The relationship between Europeanisation and policy styles: a study of agricultural and public health policymaking in three EU Member States

“…The influence of the EU on Dutch healthier diets policy has been negligible. European influence on member state nutrition policy has been limited to the adoption of legislation on labelling and health claims, and the requirements of the school milk scheme (Roosen et al, 2019). The EU Strategy on nutrition, overweight and obesity related health issues (2007) and Action Plan on Childhood Obesity (2014) hardly impacted national policymaking.…”

“…As in the Netherlands, European influence on English nutrition policy has been limited. Indeed the UK's implementation of Traffic Light Labelling went further than the suggested EU approach (Roosen et al, 2019), and the sector is therefore characterised by low adaptation pressure. Health policy began to address food in earnest in the early 2000s with government action in response to emerging nutrition issues such as obesity focused primarily on less impositional policy instruments, such as consumer information, and a framing emphasising individual responsibility (Koutoukidis & Jebb, 2019).…”

“…This inclusive approach to food industry interests is evidenced by criticisms of the PHRD from academics and civil society for low ambition, lack of monitoring, and a lack of sanctions (Panjwani & Caraher, 2014). However, the beginnings of a more top-down impositional approach can be detected in the creation of a School Food Plan (2013), which instigated a new set of food standards and the introduction of governmentfunded universal infant free school meals (Roosen et al, 2019). Since 2016, a Childhood Obesity Plan has acted as an umbrella policy for a gradual but significant shift towards harder interventions, including the introduction of a sugary drinks industry levy, and controls on advertising of high in fat, sugar or salt (HFSS) products (Knai et al, 2018).…”

A review of the world's salt reduction policies and strategies – preparing for the upcoming year 2025

“…In addition, nutrition policies were implemented in various countries, such as actively informing consumers of food labels and recipes, formulating food standards, stipulating the minimum or maximum standards of nutritional components of specific foods, and taxing specific foods, such as high-calorie sugary drinks. 81 These initiatives may promote consumers’ choice of healthy foods. Globally, action plans and funding allocations established by, for example, the United Nations and the WHO, as well as international trade relations, may also have an impact on food choices and availability.…”