Health and Hygiene in the Encyclopédie: A Medical Doctrine for the Bourgeoisie

Coleman, William

doi:10.1093/jhmas/xxix.4.399

Cited by 46 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Much has been written on the medical and health aspects of the French Encyclopaedia (Astruc, 1951;Laignel-Lavastine, 1951;Coleman, 1974), but nothing on the six psychiatric entries (manie, folie, demence, phrenesie, melancholie, and delire), which can be said to contain important transitional statements on the clinical and taxonomic aspects of so called ' Enlightenment Psychiatry'.…”

Section: The Concept Of 'Demence' In the French Encyclopaediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: a conceptual history

Berrios

1987

Psychol. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SynopsisAn historical analysis is made of the word and of the concept of ‘dementia’ before the nineteenth century. With regard to the word, it is shown that it had legal and medical meanings and that, while the former developed during the seventeenth century, the latter did so only during the eighteenth century (earlier than psychiatric historians have suggested). As evidence for the latter point, rare historical material on ‘Démence’ from the first edition of the Encyclopédie Française is presented for the first time in English. It is also shown that the legal meaning was finally enshrined in the ‘Code Napoléon’. With regards to the concept of dementia, it is shown that it took final shape in the work of Willis, Hartley and Cullen in whose view it was made to include terminal states of behavioural incompetence due to severe failure of almost any mental function. During this period, dementia was not yet associated with a particular age group nor was specifically defined in terms of cognitive deficit. The origins of the ‘cognitive’ paradigm of dementia and of the clinical boundaries of the future concept of dementia are briefly outlined.

show abstract

Section: The Concept Of 'Demence' In the French Encyclopaediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: a conceptual history

Berrios

1987

Psychol. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 Alrededor de 1575, cuando el término "higiene" se incorporó al idioma francés, como "aerismo", ya era una doctrina abocada a las cualidades físicas y materiales del aire. 4 El historiador de la biología William Coleman (1974), quien analizó las entradas de Arnulphe d' Aumont para "Santé" e "Hygiène" en la Encyclopédie, identificó a la higiene como una "doctrina médica burguesa" que instrumentalizó el conocimiento de las categorías galénico-árabes "no naturales": factores ambientales fuera del ámbito del control humano. Su control puede haber sido crucial para preservar la "confianza, la autoafirmación y la riqueza" de las élites económicas y sociales en ascenso.…”

Section: Los Orígenes Ambientalistas Del Aerismounclassified

Desde El Aër Concretus Al Aerismo: Leer Y Construir Historias Arquitectónicas Del Aire Y El Medio Ambiente en La 39 Francia Del Siglo Xviii

RAMÍREZ¹

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

EnFrancia,duranteelsigloXVIII,ungrupode textos puso de manifiesto al aire como un artefacto literario que cobró vida a través de la publicación de escritos, los cuales condicionaron el diseño de edificios, pueblos y paisajes. Estos textos formaban parte de una cultura del aerismo que tomaba en cuenta al aire y otras condiciones ambientales como fuentes de enfermedades. El aire fue modificado y repensado para ser adaptado a las necesidades de los lectores y otros interesados en la relación entre la salud humana y el clima. Es decir, el aire era una sustancia modernizadora que, al plasmar su historia en palabras y libros, no solamente anticipaba las ideas del siglo XIX sobre la higiene, sino también creaba una historia arquitectónica del aire que libera nuestra comprensión de la modernidad arquitectónica y la sitúa dentro de un campo más amplio y difuso de prácticas textuales y culturales.

show abstract

“…Liberal-humanist virtues of autonomy, liberty, inwardness and inviolability are problematic under a strictly humoralist framework in which the notion of an immutable biological core is chimerical. It is true that humoralism promoted ideas and techniques of the body that may have contributed to the rise of modern individualism ( Coleman, 1974 ), but its view of health and disease as dispersed ‘across both bodies and landscapes’ ( Nash, 2006 ) was at odds with the modernist notions of a fixed standard of pathology ‘applicable to all men in all times’ ( Coleman, 1974 ; for a wider analysis of these tensions, see Meloni, in press ). Other humoralist notions were discredited too.…”

Section: Closing the Humoralist Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Postgenomic Body

Meloni

2018

Body & Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article sets the stage for a genealogy of the postgenomic body. It starts with the current transformative views of epigenetics and microbiomics to offer a more pluralistic history in which the ethical problem of how to live with a permeable body – that is plasticity as a form of life – is pervasive in traditions pre-dating and coexisting with modern biomedicine (particularly humoralism in its several ramifications). To challenge universalizing narratives, I draw on genealogical method to illuminate the unequal distribution of plasticity across gender and ethnic groups. Finally, after analysing postgenomics as a different thought-style to genomics, I outline some of its implications for notions of plasticity. I argue that postgenomic plasticity is neither a modernistic plasticity of instrumental control of the body nor a postmodernist celebration of endless potentialities. It is instead closer to an alter-modernistic view that disrupts clear boundaries between openness and determination, individual and community.

show abstract

Health and Hygiene in the Encyclopédie: A Medical Doctrine for the Bourgeoisie

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Dementia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: a conceptual history

Dementia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: a conceptual history

Desde El Aër Concretus Al Aerismo: Leer Y Construir Historias Arquitectónicas Del Aire Y El Medio Ambiente en La 39 Francia Del Siglo Xviii

A Postgenomic Body

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About