Health and Environment

Sigman, Richard; Hilderink, Henk; Delrue, Nathalie; Braathen, Nils Axel; Leflaive, Xavier

doi:10.1787/env_outlook-2012-9-en

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The level of air pollution in rapidly developing urban centers is especially problematic. Recently, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development made an environmental projection to 2050 and found that, if no new policies are implemented, urban air quality (typically governed by levels of particulate matter and ground level ozone) will continue to deteriorate globally, becoming by 2050 the top cause of environmentally related deaths worldwide …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development made an environmental projection to 2050 and found that, if no new policies are implemented, urban air quality (typically governed by levels of particulate matter and ground level ozone) will continue to deteriorate globally, becoming by 2050 the top cause of environmentally related deaths worldwide. 6 Despite the importance of aerosols in atmospheric chemistry, climate, and air pollution, our ability to assess the impact of aerosols on atmospheric physics and chemistry is still limited due to insufficient understanding of many processes associated with sources of particles (mechanisms of formation), their chemical composition and morphology, and evolution of their composition and properties during their atmospheric lifetime. Indeed, atmospheric aerosols can be viewed as a complex conglomerate of thousands of chemical compounds in a giant, strongly oxidizing chemical reactor of the Earth atmosphere.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere

et al. 2015

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CONTENTS 1. Background 4219 1.1. Why Condensed Matter Matters: Types and Significance of Condensed Matter and Surfaces Encountered in the Atmospheric Environment 4219 1.2. Principles of Atmospheric Photochemistry 4221 1.2.1. Classification of Different Types of Photochemical Processes 4221 1.2.2. Free Radicals and UV Radiation as the Primary Drivers of Chemistry in the Atmosphere 4221 1.2.3. Photosensitized Processes and Photochemistry Driven by Visible Radiation 4222 1.2.4. Rates and Yields of Photochemical Reactions 4222 1.3. Gas Phase versus Condensed Phases 4223 1.3.1. The Importance of "Matrix Effects" 4223 1.3.2. Diffusion and Transport Limitations 4224 1.3.3. Influence of the Physical State and Viscosity 4224 1.3.4. Special Properties of Interfacial Regions between Different Phases 4225 2. Photophysical Properties of Observed Atmospheric Particles and Interfaces 4225 2.1. Primary Chromophores 4225 2.1.1. Mineral Dust 4225 2.1.2. Inorganic Anions 4226 2.1.3. Hydrogen Peroxide 4227 2.1.4.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere

et al. 2015

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“…The growth of the chemical industry, driven by the search for a better standard of living, continues to strain the earth’s resources and ecosystems. This phenomenon is amplified by aggressive product development policies that sometimes neglect process optimization, creating industries with high-energy consumption and toxic waste production . The environmental impact of such processes is particularly evident in the pharmaceutical industry, where the synthesis of highly complex chiral drugs can drive E-factor values up to 100 (the mass of waste obtained from the process can be 100× the mass of the product) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine Oxidase: Tunable Activity for Amine Resolution and Functionalization

Batista

Galman²,

Pinto³

et al. 2018

ACS Catal.

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Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are biocatalysts for the oxidation of a wide range of different amines including α-chiral amines. Their high selectivity and activity, along with the environmental advantages inherent to enzymatic synthesis, place MAOs in the spotlight for future application in industrial biocatalytic processes. To date, these enzymes have been used in both amine resolution and amine functionalization. MAO from Micrococcus luteus was employed in the multienzymatic synthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and MAO from Aspergillus niger (MAO-N) was used in deracemization experiments. MAO-N was also applied to several biobio and biochemo cascades for amine functionalization, exploring the increased reactivity of the imine/iminium species. MAO-N has been extensively engineered to alter the size and electronic properties of its active site, creating variants capable of oxidizing a broad range of α-aliphatic and aromatic amines. This Review provides an in-depth analysis of current research in the biocatalytic applications of MAOs, coupled with available data on the limitations and challenges that still hinder their industrial application. It also highlights the importance of chiral amines and the biochemical importance of human MAO in metabolism. Finally, the development of alternative amine oxidases, such as CHAO or HLNO/HDNO, is briefly surveyed, along with a discussion on possible future developments on this field.

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“…This sector is the largest user of primary energy and the second largest user of onsite energy and also releases more carbon emissions than any other sector, while ranking the second in onsite emissions . It also is one of the most regulated of all industries . These regulations are mostly related to its products and releases of chemical substances during manufacturing and processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage Optimization for Chemical Process Sustainability Enhancement under Uncertainty

Moradi-Aliabadi

Huang

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Chemical process sustainability is mainly concerned with energy and material efficiency, productivity and product quality, waste reduction, process safety, heath impact, etc. Due to these multiple factors as well as information and data uncertainty, development of optimal strategies and effective action plans for sustainability enhancement becomes a very challenging task. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical framework for optimal process sustainability performance enhancement. In this framework, we describe four types of optimization problems, which are defined based on decision makers’ different objectives for sustainability enhancement. In formulation, various economic, environmental, and social concerns and technical feasibilities are taken into account, where data uncertainty is dealt with by interval parameters. Solution search is performed by a genetic algorithm method and a Monte Carlo simulation technique. The methodological applicability is illustrated by a comprehensive case study on biodiesel manufacturing. The introduced methodology should be useful for decision makers to compare optimization methods and select the most suitable for their applications.

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Health and Environment

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere

Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere

Monoamine Oxidase: Tunable Activity for Amine Resolution and Functionalization

Multistage Optimization for Chemical Process Sustainability Enhancement under Uncertainty

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