Health and ecological risk assessment of emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and artificial sweeteners) in surface and groundwater (drinking water) in the Ganges River Basin, India

Sharma, Brij Mohan; Bečanová, Jitka; Scheringer, Martin; Sharma, Anežka; Bharat, Girija K.; Whitehead, Paul; Klánová, Jana; Nizzetto, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.235

Cited by 378 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As indicated above, the acceptable daily intake (ADI) approach, which has been adopted by others [20][21][22][23], was used in this study. The worst-case scenario of the potential health risk of seven EDCs detected in groundwater (i.e., the source for drinking water) in the Mezquital Valley were estimated by using the maximum concentrations (Cwg, µg/L) recorded ( Table 2).…”

Section: Estimation On Human Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Chávez-Mejía

Navarro-González

Magaña-López

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of the research was to show the presence of micropollutants contained in the wastewater of Mexico City within the distribution canals of the Mezquital Valley (MV), as well as their retention in agricultural soil and aquifers. This system constitutes the world's oldest and largest example of the use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. The artificial recharge associated with the MV aquifers, with groundwater extracted for human consumption showing its importance as a water resource for Mexico City. The results of sampling show the presence of 18 compounds, with 10 of these considered as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). The concentration of these pollutants ranged from 2 ng/L for 17 β-estradiol to 99 ng/L for DEHP, with these values decreasing throughout the course of the canals due to the wastewater dilution factor, their retention in agricultural soil, and their accumulation in the local aquifer. The main mechanisms involved in natural attenuation are adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation. Drinking water equivalent levels (DWELs) were estimated for 11 compounds with regard to acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), by assuming local exposure parameters for a rural Mexican population. These were compared with the maximum groundwater concentrations (Cgw) to screen the potential risks. The very low ratios of Cgw to DWELs indicate no appreciable human health risk from the presence of trace concentrations of these compounds in the source of drinking water in the MV. Despite this, far from being exceeded after more than 100 years of irrigation with residual water, the natural soil attenuation seems to remain stable.

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Section: Estimation On Human Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Chávez-Mejía

Navarro-González

Magaña-López

et al. 2019

Water

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“…Jindal, Narayanam, and Singh () attempted to study 40 selected pharmaceuticals in groundwater of SAS Nagar in Punjab (Figure ), but detected only diclofenac and pitavastatin (Figure , Table ). Sharma et al, () collected groundwater samples from the Ganga river basin, considering rural, semirural, urban, and industrial regions (Figure ). Most commonly used and available pharmaceuticals in India were considered in this study.…”

Section: Organic Micropollutants In Groundwater Of Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This extreme persistence of some PCP results in their entry into the groundwater due to improper disposal of domestic wastewater (Ternes, Joss, & Siegrist, ). Sharma et al, () carried out a baseline study on PCP in groundwater from the Ganga river basin (Figure ). This study was based on dividing the Ganga river basin into three stretches in terms of population density.…”

Section: Organic Micropollutants In Groundwater Of Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was based on dividing the Ganga river basin into three stretches in terms of population density. Two PCPs, namely N, N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide (DEET) and triclosan, commonly used as insect repellents and antimicrobials, respectively (Figure , Table ), were found in groundwater, and it was mentioned that the reported concentration of PCP was not harmful to humans (Sharma et al, ).…”

Section: Organic Micropollutants In Groundwater Of Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASWs are generally characterized by their high persistence in the environment. Sharma et al, () also studied ASW in groundwater from the Ganga river basin (Figure ). Cyclamate and sucralose were detected in this region (Figure , Table ); sucralose was detected in all the groundwater samples.…”

Section: Organic Micropollutants In Groundwater Of Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic micropollutants in groundwater of India—A review

Sackaria

Elango

2019

Water Environment Research

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Groundwater pollution due to organic micropollutants is a major cause of concern, especially in parts of the world where available water resources are on the decline. India is the largest user of groundwater where the presence of micropollutants in the subsurface environment has been the focus of many researchers. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed review of studies on micropollutants in Indian groundwater and to provide strategies for further work. It is found that the presence of pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, surfactants, phthalates, per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances, personal care products, artificial sweeteners, and pesticides in groundwater from different parts of India is reported. Pesticides and phthalate concentrations reported exceed the standard guideline values. This review points out the regions where the groundwater is prone to contamination due to micropollutants. An assessment of temporal variation in the concentration of micropollutants in groundwater has been done only by a few researchers. This study highlighted the need for more research on the possible presence of micropollutants in groundwater, especially in the major polluted rivers in cities where more pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plastic industries are located. Practitioner Points Organic micropollutants were not new contaminants into the environment but the one entered even decades ago which has threatening effect. The number of studies on organic micropollutants in groundwater is lesser than surface water or wastewater. Scarcity on the studies of micropollutants was a result of definite technical lack in its analysis and complexity in sample preparation. Most of the studies done were related to contamination sites and point sources.

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Theoretical Investigation of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials for the Adsorption of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products

Panda

Sahu

Sahoo

et al. 2020

Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials

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Health and ecological risk assessment of emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and artificial sweeteners) in surface and groundwater (drinking water) in the Ganges River Basin, India

Cited by 378 publications

References 53 publications

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Organic micropollutants in groundwater of India—A review

Theoretical Investigation of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials for the Adsorption of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products

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