Health and Ease of Doing Business Indices in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Based on the Panel Data

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ease of doing business and health indices in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The present study is a panel data study which was done using data from 2007 to 2019. Pre-estimation and post-estimation tests were performed to estimate the model by data panel model. The tests included the unit root test, Fisher test and Hausman test, crosssectional dependence tests, co-integration test, test for heteroscedastic and autocorrelation test between disturbances. The data were entered into EVIEWS-7 and STATA-13 software and the final estimation of the model was done by Driscoll and Croy method. Levin-Lin-Chu (LLC) test, Im-Pesaran-Shin test and Shin tests showed that most of the variables were significant. The panel effects were confirmed based on the Limer test (F=99.155, P<0/001). Hausmann test rejected the random effects in the model and showed fixed effects (χ 2 =78.2968, P<0/001). The results of the parent test showed a cross-sectional dependence of the disturbances. The Cao co-integration test also confirmed the existence of coaccumulation (P<0.001, t=-4.38). The null hypothesis of this test based on variance homogeneity was rejected (P<0.001, χ2 =78.2968). The final estimation shows 68% the model determination coefficient based on the Driscoll and Croy test; This means that 68% of the variables dependent on the explanatory variables of this model are explained. The ease of doing business index has had a significant impact on determining health. Therefore, health managers and decision makers should pay attention to the ease of doing business index on the health of communities in determining their general health policies. On the other hand, they should improve the inter-section cooperation with the aim of improving the employment situation to achieve the general goal of health in the communities.

Investigating the Formation of Historical Bases, Legal Laws, and the Process of the Flourishing of Geographic Knowledge Discoveries and Its Impact on the Works of Prominent Western and Eastern Thinkers

“…During this period, geographical articles were published in abundance in the ninth and tenth centuries AH. At this time, the most important Greek books were translated and astronomical towers were built, and Muslim travelers abroad began to research, especially in ancient Iran (36)(37)(38). During this period, geography had achieved such progress in the Islamic world that the same results are the key to current progress in the West.…”