Healing Response of Rat pulp Treated with an Injectable Keratin Hydrogel

Sharma, Lavanya Ajay; Love, Robert M.; Ali, Mohammad Azam; Sharma, Ajay Kumar; Macari, Soraia; Avadhani, Avadhoot; Dias, George J.

doi:10.5301/jabfm.5000346

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Based on previous studies, the data were recorded as the mean value of at least three repeats of the experiments unless mentioned otherwise (Ajay Sharma et al, 2017). All samples were numbered by an independent technician before data collection and analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human amniotic membrane extracellular matrix scaffold for dental pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2021

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In order to obtain a 3-dimentional scaffold with predictable clinical results for pulp regeneration, this study aims to fabricate and characterize a porous decellularized human amniotic membrane (HAM) extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, and evaluate its potential to promote pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methodology:The HAM was decellularized, and its histology and DNA content were analysed to confirm decellularization. The scaffolds were synthesized with 15, 22.5 and 30 mg/ml concentrations. The porosity, pore size, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) absorption and degradation rate of the scaffolds were assessed. In vitro experiments were performed on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to assess their viability, proliferation, adhesion and migration on the scaffolds. The optimal group was selected for in vivo immunogenicity assessment and was also used as the cell-free or cell-loaded scaffold in root segment models to evaluate pulp regeneration. All nonparametric data were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test, whilst quantitative data were analysed with one-way anova.Results: Decellularization of HAM was confirmed (p < .05). The porosity of all scaffolds was more than 95%, and the pore size decreased with an increase in ECM concentration (p < .01). PBS absorption was not significantly different amongst the groups, whilst 30 mg/ml ECM scaffold had the highest degradation rate (p < .01).The hDPSCs adhered to the scaffold, whilst their proliferation rate increased over time in all groups (p < .001). Cell migration was higher in 30 mg/ml ECM scaffold (p < .05). In vivo investigation with 30 mg/ml ECM scaffold revealed mild to moderate inflammatory response. In root segments, both cell-free and cell-loaded 30 mg/ ml scaffolds were replaced with newly formed, pulp-like tissue with no significant difference between groups. Immunohistochemical assessments revealed high revascularization and collagen content with no significant difference amongst the groups. Conclusion:The 30 mg/ml HAM ECM scaffold had optimal physical properties and better supported hDPSC migration. The HAM ECM scaffold did not interfere with formation of pulp-like tissue and revascularization within the root canal when How to cite this article: Bakhtiar, H., Ashoori, A.,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human amniotic membrane extracellular matrix scaffold for dental pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2021

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“…Extracted keratin proteins can self-assemble into highly porous fibrous scaffolds characterized by a reproducible architecture, which creates a 3D scaffold favorable for cellular attachment and growth [ 145 , 149 , 150 ]. It is also characterized by having RGD, Leu-Asp-Val (LDV) and Leu-Asp-Ser (LDS) cell-binding motifs which facilitate cellular attachment [ 151 ].…”

Section: Hydrogels Used In Dentin–pulp Complex Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keratin-based hydrogels are biocompatible, highly porous, highly hydrophilic and characterized by a high swelling ratio, which can increase the hydrogel pore size and facilitate cellular and nutrient infiltration. Keratin hydrogels also exhibit slow biodegradation in vitro and in vivo, as a result of protein hydrolysis, which promotes tissue regeneration [ 69 , 150 ]. It also has adequate mechanical properties [ 157 ].…”

Section: Hydrogels Used In Dentin–pulp Complex Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was associated with the formation of dentin-like material, resembling reparative dentin, along the root canal walls with increased DMP-1 expression. However, the coronal portion of the pulp did not show signs of regeneration, and it was filled with hydrogel remnants along with pulp tissues and poorly calcified material [ 150 ]. Therefore, keratin hydrogel constitutes a natural, abundant, biocompatible and biodegradable natural hydrogel that can be used as an injectable stem/progenitor cells scaffold for dentin–pulp complex regeneration.…”

Section: Hydrogels Used In Dentin–pulp Complex Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogels and Dentin–Pulp Complex Regeneration: From the Benchtop to Clinical Translation

et al. 2020

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Dentin–pulp complex is a term which refers to the dental pulp (DP) surrounded by dentin along its peripheries. Dentin and dental pulp are highly specialized tissues, which can be affected by various insults, primarily by dental caries. Regeneration of the dentin–pulp complex is of paramount importance to regain tooth vitality. The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) is a relatively current approach, which aims to regenerate the dentin–pulp complex through stimulating the differentiation of resident or transplanted stem/progenitor cells. Hydrogel-based scaffolds are a unique category of three dimensional polymeric networks with high water content. They are hydrophilic, biocompatible, with tunable degradation patterns and mechanical properties, in addition to the ability to be loaded with various bioactive molecules. Furthermore, hydrogels have a considerable degree of flexibility and elasticity, mimicking the cell extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly that of the DP. The current review presents how for dentin–pulp complex regeneration, the application of injectable hydrogels combined with stem/progenitor cells could represent a promising approach. According to the source of the polymeric chain forming the hydrogel, they can be classified into natural, synthetic or hybrid hydrogels, combining natural and synthetic ones. Natural polymers are bioactive, highly biocompatible, and biodegradable by naturally occurring enzymes or via hydrolysis. On the other hand, synthetic polymers offer tunable mechanical properties, thermostability and durability as compared to natural hydrogels. Hybrid hydrogels combine the benefits of synthetic and natural polymers. Hydrogels can be biofunctionalized with cell-binding sequences as arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD), can be used for local delivery of bioactive molecules and cellularized with stem cells for dentin–pulp regeneration. Formulating a hydrogel scaffold material fulfilling the required criteria in regenerative endodontics is still an area of active research, which shows promising potential for replacing conventional endodontic treatments in the near future.

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“…However, there use in dental application has been a few. Recently, Ajay Sharma et al [79,80], studied keratin hydrogels for their potential use in dental pulp regeneration. Keratin extracted from sheep wool was fabricated as keratin hydrogels and characterized based on structural, rheological and cell viability evaluations.…”

Section: Potential Of Keratin For Dental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Keratin as Potential Biomaterial for Bio-Dental Applications

Sharma¹

2020

OAJBS

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For a century, keratins extracted from different sources are being used for medical, cosmetic and textile applications. The excellent bioactivity and physiochemical properties of these protein extracts have recently led to the popularity of a keratin as biomaterial. Like other naturally derived biomaterials, keratins have the potential to form a defined, three-dimensional microstructure that supports cell infiltration, proliferation, and cell-guided tissue formation. In addition, the natural abundance, intrinsic biocompatibility, and mechanical durability of keratins have shown promise in the field of biomaterials in diverse biomedical applications. This mini review summarizes the biological properties, explores in brief the extraction methods and advances of keratin as a biomaterial in various biomedical and dental applications.

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Healing Response of Rat pulp Treated with an Injectable Keratin Hydrogel

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Human amniotic membrane extracellular matrix scaffold for dental pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo

Human amniotic membrane extracellular matrix scaffold for dental pulp regeneration in vitro and in vivo

Hydrogels and Dentin–Pulp Complex Regeneration: From the Benchtop to Clinical Translation

The Use of Keratin as Potential Biomaterial for Bio-Dental Applications

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