Healing-on-demand composites based on polymer artificial muscle

Zhang, Pengfei; Li, Guoqiang

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.022

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…At present, thermally driven muscles, especially those made from polymer fibers, are among the simplest to demonstrate. In the 2 years since their discovery, robotic hands (29), self-healing composites (30), and muscle textiles (4) have emerged. However, these thermal muscles provide limited efficiency, and muscles made from large-diameter fibers can suffer from slow cooling rates.…”

Section: Emerging Types Of Twisted Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New twist on artificial muscles

Haines¹,

Spinks

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

281

211

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Lightweight artificial muscle fibers that can match the large tensile stroke of natural muscles have been elusive. In particular, low stroke, limited cycle life, and inefficient energy conversion have combined with high cost and hysteretic performance to restrict practical use. In recent years, a new class of artificial muscles, based on highly twisted fibers, has emerged that can deliver more than 2,000 J/kg of specific work during muscle contraction, compared with just 40 J/kg for natural muscle. Thermally actuated muscles made from ordinary polymer fibers can deliver long-life, hysteresis-free tensile strokes of more than 30% and torsional actuation capable of spinning a paddle at speeds of more than 100,000 rpm. In this perspective, we explore the mechanisms and potential applications of present twisted fiber muscles and the future opportunities and challenges for developing twisted muscles having improved cycle rates, efficiencies, and functionality. We also demonstrate artificial muscle sewing threads and textiles and coiled structures that exhibit nearly unlimited actuation strokes. In addition to robotics and prosthetics, future applications include smart textiles that change breathability in response to temperature and moisture and window shutters that automatically open and close to conserve energy.

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Section: Emerging Types Of Twisted Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New twist on artificial muscles

Haines¹,

Spinks

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

281

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then articial muscles were fabricated through twist insertion by following our previous procedure. 29,30 The bers were twisted then coiled around a straight metal mandrel tightly as shown in Fig. 5(d1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most recently, a number of studies have been conducted on this class of muscles, including testing and characterization methods, [33][34][35] mathematical modeling, [22][23][24][25] and applications such as robotics, 31 morphing airplanes and vehicles, 28 and self-healing systems. 29,30 It is revealed that the negative coefficient of thermal expansion (NCTE) in the ber axial direction plays a critical role in muscle actuation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance and tunable artificial muscle based on two-way shape memory polymer

Fan

2017

RSC Adv.

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Artificial muscles, a class of bio-inspired actuators, have been investigated for decades. Recently, a remarkable breakthrough in artificial muscles was achieved by twisting then coiling polymeric fishing lines or sewing threads. Driven by the negative coefficient of thermal expansion (NCTE), the tensile actuation strain, which was about 4% in the precursor nylon 6,6 fiber, was magnified to about 34% in the muscle. However, the muscle is limited by its higher actuation temperature (up to 160 C). Also, some applications such as soft robots require even larger actuation strain to maintain locomotion. In this study, chemically cross-linked poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (cPEVA) two-way shape memory polymer (2W-SMP) was synthesized, characterized, and processed into precursor fibers based on a solid solution approach. Artificial muscles were manufactured through twist insertion in the precursor fibers. It was found that the 2W-SMP fibers contract upon heating and expand upon cooling, similar to polymeric fibers with NCTE, but with lower actuation temperature and higher actuation strain. The cPEVA fiber, which has about 18% contraction when the temperature is increased from 20 C to 67 C, exhibits an actuation strain up to 68% in the muscle. It was also found that the muscle actuation is tunable, i.e., independent of its actuation history.

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“…Accordingly, active polymeric materials incorporating crack healing functionality have attracted more and more attention throughout academic and industrial communities . For extrinsic healing, which is assisted by incorporation of healing agent, either liquid resin delivery systems or solid healing agent per the close‐then‐heal (CTH) strategy have been proven to be efficient as they can lead to good functionality restoration . The delivery systems for liquid healing agent utilize various nano‐/micro‐/macro‐containers such as capsules, hollow fibers, and vascular networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing of polymeric artificial muscle reinforced ionomer composite by resistive heating

Zhang

Ayaugbokor²,

Ibekwe³

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, structural-scale crack healing of artificial muscle reinforced ionomer composite was investigated following the close-then-heal (CTH) healing strategy. Structural-scale crack of 3 mm deep and 1 mm wide in notched beam specimens was first closed by actuation of the embedded polymeric artificial muscles made of fishing lines, followed by intrinsic healing of the ionomer matrix. The healing process was triggered by resistive heating of embedded carbon fibers by DC power. It is found that, with 0.7% by volume of polymeric artificial muscles, the wide-opened cracks are effectively closed, and the closed cracks in the ionomer composite are effectively and repeatedly healed, with a healing efficiency of over 80%.

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Healing-on-demand composites based on polymer artificial muscle

Cited by 66 publications

References 56 publications

New twist on artificial muscles

New twist on artificial muscles

High performance and tunable artificial muscle based on two-way shape memory polymer

Healing of polymeric artificial muscle reinforced ionomer composite by resistive heating

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