Headspace solvent microextraction as a simple and highly sensitive sample pretreatment technique for ultra trace determination of geosmin in aquatic media

Abstract

A headspace solvent microextraction method was developed for the trace determination of geosmin, an odorant compound, in water samples. After performing the extraction by a microdrop of an organic solvent, the microdrop was introduced directly into a GC-MS injection port. One-at-the-time optimization strategy was applied to investigate and optimize some important extraction parameters such as type of solvent, drop volume, temperature, stirring rate, ionic strength, sample volume, and extraction time. The analytical data exhibited an RSD of less than 5% (n = 5), a linear calibration range of 5-900 ng/L (r2 > 0.998), and a detection limit of 0.8 and 3.3 ng/L using two different sets of selected ions. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of geosmin in the spiked real water sample and reasonable recovery was achieved.

Immersed single-drop microextraction–electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectroscopy for the trace determination of mercury in water samples

“…Following our research activities on the trace determination of metallic species [20][21][22] in aquatic matrices and successful application of SDME using the direct [9,10] and headspace mode [11], a SDME-based technique for the trace determination of mercury in water samples was developed. An immersed microdrop of m-xylene solvent containing dithizone, as a complexing agent, was shown to be a suitable extraction medium, while the extraction temperature was kept at 27 • C. Influences of other important parameters on extraction and presence of possible interferences were also investigated.…”

“…Between these two modes, HS-SDME is often preferred to avoid extraction of potentially interfering nonvolatile species. An important additional feature of SDME is the integration of extraction and injection in a microsyringe, making it possible to employ this miniaturized medium for extraction as well as an introduction device for the appropriate analytical device [9][10][11].…”

Trace Analysis of Taste-Odor Compounds in Water by Salt-Free Purgeand-Trap Sampling with GC-MS Detection

“…Due to their hydrophilic nature, gas chromatographic analysis has been the preferred method of choice [5,6]. The latter, in combination with mass spectrometric detection, offers excellent sensitivity and selectivity [2].…”

“…Regarding the extraction of 2-MIB and GSM from water samples, various extraction methods in the analysis include closed loop stripping analysis [11], solvent (liquid-liquid) extraction [12,13], or micro extraction [5], solid phase micro extraction with headspace [14], stir bar sorptive extraction [15] and solid phase extraction [16]. Some of these are time-consuming, labor-intensive, are complex for sample preparation or analysis or have poor sensitivity.…”

Determination of Earthy-musty Odorous Compounds in Drinking Water by Vortex Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…The concentration of these compounds is usually controlled in the range of 1 -10 ng/L. 3,[7][8] The concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB are required to be controlled below 10 ng/L 9 as a sanitary standard for drinking water in China. Thus, the identification and quantification of trace amounts of earthy-musty compounds is essential since these compounds dramatically impact the aesthetic quality and consumer acceptability of drinking water.…”