Heading for higher ground: factors affecting real and hypothetical hurricane evacuation behavior

Whitehead, John C.; Edwards, Bob; Willigen, Marieke Van; Maiolo, John R.; Wilson, Kenneth; Smith, Kevin T.

doi:10.3763/ehaz.2000.0219

Cited by 138 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As a result, some residents in disaster-affected areas risk their own lives and endanger the lives of responders in order to remain with their pets (Federal Emergency Management Agency 2015). In a survey of North Carolina residents, for example, pet owners were approximately half as likely as non-pet owners to report evacuating during Hurricane Bonney and were even less likely to report willingness to evacuate in hypothetical future hurricane scenarios (Whitehead et al 2001). Similarly, a study of residents impacted by 1997 flooding in Yuba County, CA demonstrated that the likelihood of evacuation failure was associated with the number of household pets (Heath et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The National Capabilities for Animal Response in Emergencies (NCARE) Study: An Assessment of US States and Counties

Spain

Green

Davis

et al. 2017

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management

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Abstract:Communities with well-developed animal response plans, along with trained and equipped animal response teams, are typically better able to protect resident livestock and companion animals during a disaster, with fewer animals lost, higher human evacuation compliance rates, and a greater percentage of pets staying with their families. The NCARE Study is a cross-sectional descriptive survey designed to assess, among US states and counties, the level of preparedness for managing animals in an emergency. Overall, 65% of participating states (31/48) reported having a State Animal Response Team (SART), while 48% (16/33) of counties with >1 million population (large counties) and 23% (131/565) of a random sample of counties with <1 million population (small counties) reported having a County Animal Response Team (CART). Only 50% of small counties reported having plans for collocated or cohabitational emergency shelters, compared to 73% of states and 80% of large counties. In stratified analyses, the proportion of counties with a CART ranged from 2% in FEMA Region X to 69% in Region II. Our results demonstrate that many regions of the US have taken some important initial steps towards establishing the capabilities necessary for managing animals in a disaster, while other regions have areas for improvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The National Capabilities for Animal Response in Emergencies (NCARE) Study: An Assessment of US States and Counties

Spain

Green

Davis

et al. 2017

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management

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“…Riad et al (1998) found that women are more likely to believe that the disaster will be bad, while men are more likely to feel "in control" and safe. Whitehead et al (2000) found that having pets made evacuation less likely than not owning pets in the home. Alexander (2000) found that pet owners often had to leave their animals behind, as motels or shelters would not accept them.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Riad and Norris (2000) found that four categories of variables affect the decision to evacuate: risk perception, preparedness, social influence and economic resources. Smith (1999) and Whitehead et al (2000) found that gender tended to have significant effects in the choice to evacuate. Riad et al (1998) found that women are more likely to believe that the disaster will be bad, while men are more likely to feel "in control" and safe.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies has shown that this decision is influenced by many factors including social characteristics, economic constraints, storm characteristics and planned evacuation destination and costs (e.g., Fu and Wilmot, 2004;Whitehead, 2003;Whitehead et al, 2000;Dow and Cutter,1998).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a growing number of related research with respect to natural hazards. Risk perception is one of the most important determinants of evacuation behavior (Riad and Norris 2000;Smith 1999;Whitehead et al 2000). Overstating the intensity of hazards to instigate greater cooperation may reduce agency credibility (Smith 1999;Fischer et al 1995).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of a Bivariate Probit Model to Investigate the Intended Evacuation from Hurricane

Jiang¹

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Rural and Suburban Population Surge Following Detonation of an Improvised Nuclear Device: A New Model to Estimate Impact

Meit

Redlener²,

Briggs

et al. 2011

Disaster med. public health prep.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The objective of the study was to model urban evacuation into surrounding communities after the detonation of an improvised nuclear device (IND) to assist rural and suburban planners in understanding and effectively planning to address the effects of population surges.Methods: Researchers developed parameters for how far evacuees would travel to escape disasters and factors that would influence choice of destination from studies of historical evacuations, surveys of citizens' evacuation intentions in hypothetical disasters, and semistructured interviews with key informants and emergency preparedness experts. Those parameters became the inputs to a “push-pull” model of how many people would flee in the 4 scenarios and where they would go.Results: The expanded model predicted significant population movements from the New York City borough of Manhattan and counties within 20 km of Manhattan to counties within a 150-mi radius of the assumed IND detonation. It also predicted that even in some communities located far from Manhattan, arriving evacuees would increase the population needing services by 50% to 150%.Conclusions: The results suggest that suburban and rural communities could be overwhelmed by evacuees from their center city following an IND detonation. They also highlight the urgency of educating and communicating with the public about radiation hazards to mitigate panic and hysteria, anticipating the ways in which a mass exodus may disrupt or even cripple rescue and response efforts, and devising creative ways to exercise and drill for an event about which there is great denial and fatalism.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S143-S150)

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Heading for higher ground: factors affecting real and hypothetical hurricane evacuation behavior

Cited by 138 publications

References 7 publications

The National Capabilities for Animal Response in Emergencies (NCARE) Study: An Assessment of US States and Counties

The National Capabilities for Animal Response in Emergencies (NCARE) Study: An Assessment of US States and Counties

Application of a Bivariate Probit Model to Investigate the Intended Evacuation from Hurricane

Rural and Suburban Population Surge Following Detonation of an Improvised Nuclear Device: A New Model to Estimate Impact

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