Head Lice Resistance: Itching That Just Won't Stop

Bartels, Cathy L.; Peterson, Kristi E; Taylor, Karyn L.

doi:10.1345/aph.10065

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…38,39,41,[80][81][82][83] This resistance is not unanticipated, because insects develop resistance to products over time. The actual prevalence of resistance to particular products is not known and can be regional.…”

Section: Pediculicide Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Head Lice

Frankowski¹,

Bocchini²

2010

Pediatrics

106

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Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high level of anxiety among parents of school-aged children. Since the 2002 clinical report on head lice was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, patterns of resistance to products available overthe-counter and by prescription have changed, and additional mechanical means of removing head lice have been explored. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment protocols and provides guidance for the management of children with head lice in the school setting.

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Section: Pediculicide Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Head Lice

Frankowski¹,

Bocchini²

2010

Pediatrics

106

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“…Recent studies on permethrin-resistant head lice focused on the possible mechanisms of resistance (Bartels et al 2001). Metabolic enzyme systems known to be involved in resistance include monooxygenases, esterases and glutathione transferases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of increased specific and non-specific esterases and glutathione transferases associated with resistance to permethrin in pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae) from Argentina

et al. 2009

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Enhanced metabolism by oxidative enzymes is a major cause of pyrethroid resistance in insects. In this work, we evaluated the role of specific and non-specific esterases in head louse populations from Buenos Aires with different levels of resistance to permethrin. As esterase activity is substrate-dependent, four different esters were used as unspecific substrates in order to obtain a better characterization of the possible role of these enzymes in the resistance phenomenon. The unspecific substrates were phenylthioacetate, 1- and 2-naphtyl-acetate, and p-nitrophenyl acetate. A 7-coumaryl permethrate was synthesized and used as a specific substrate to measure pyrethroid esterases by a very sensitive microfluorometric method. The results on pyrethroid esterase activity obtained with this substrate showed that these enzymes contribute to the detoxifying activity in resistant populations, although no correlation was found between pyrethroid esterase activity and resistance ratios. In this study, we established that the activity of esterase against specific and non-specific substrates is increased in pyrethroid-resistant populations of head lice from Buenos Aires. Also, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistance values demonstrated that there is a DDT cross-resistance phenomenon in pyrethroid-resistant head louse populations and suggested that an alteration in the receptor of the nervous system (kdr gen) is a key factor of the resistance phenomena in these head louse populations.

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“…Lindane is a prescription product that kills lice by continuously stimulating the nervous system, but it is also neurotoxic to humans (Gratz et al, 1997;Bartels et al, 2001). On the other hand, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has been reported as an effective treatment for HLI (Hipolito et al, 2001), and it kills lice by destroying symbiotic bacteria which synthesize B group vitamins in the lice gut (Burns, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%