Head Lice

Nolt, Dawn; Moore, Scot; Yan, Albert C.; Melnick, Laura

doi:10.1542/peds.2022-059282

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Head lice will survive less than 48 hours if they fall off a person; if not kept at the temperature that is found close to the scalp, nits cannot hatch and will usually die within a week 4 . Therefore, personnel should only consider cleaning items that have touched the patient's hair and bedding in the two days before treatment 5 …”

Section: Head Licementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postoperatively, the team members should provide guidance to the patient for follow‐up or referral to their primary care physician when treatment of head lice may be indicated. Although products for the treatment of head lice are widely available over the counter, the American Academy of Pediatrics has called for increased physician involvement in the diagnosis and treatment of head lice; 5 misidentification of lice infestation has resulted in improper use of pediculicides, emergence of lice that are resistant to available products, and the use of alternative treatments not proven to be safe or efficacious 7 …”

Section: Head Licementioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Issues — December 2023

Wood

2023

AORN Journal

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THIS MONTH Head lice Key words: lice, nit, hair, infestation, transmission. Patients with iodine and chlorhexidine allergies Key words: antiseptic, skin preparation, alcohol, chloroxylenol, soap. Storing sterile and unsterile supplies together Key words: storage, shelves, event‐related sterility, package integrity, handling. Using indwelling urinary catheters during general surgery Key words: indwelling urinary catheter, Michigan Appropriate Perioperative (MAP) criteria, urinary retention, bladder scanner, routine use.

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Section: Head Licementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Head Licementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Issues — December 2023

Wood

2023

AORN Journal

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“…Several methods are widely used to control head louse infestations. These include neurotoxic chemical pediculicides (e.g., permethrin, malathion, benzene hexachloride, carbaryl, malathion, and ivermectin), occlusive agents (e.g., benzyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate and dimeticone), and manual removal methods (louse-combing) [13,14]. Toxic chemical pediculicides are the mainstay of therapy but can have various adverse effects on humans and often fail to kill all lice, especially the egg stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of chemical and botanical pediculicides in Thailand and 4% dimeticone against head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis

et al. 2023

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Head louse infestations remain a global public-health concern due to increased resistance of lice to artificial pediculicides. In Thailand, there is a lack of comparative data on the current efficacy of pediculicides for treating head lice. In this study, we explored the status of botanical and toxic synthetic pediculicides with that of 4% dimeticone liquid gel for treating head lice in Thailand. The ex-vivo pediculicidal activity of various pediculicidal shampoos available at drugstores in Thailand was assessed and compared with that of 4% dimeticone liquid gel. The shampoos chosen were based on active ingredients toxic to lice (1% permethrin, 0.6% carbaryl, 0.15% Stemona root crude extract, or mixed plant extracts), whereas dimeticone acts physically on lice. We found that exposure to 4% dimeticone liquid gel following the manufacturer’s instructions completely killed 100% of head lice in 15 min, whereas other pediculicide products failed to kill the great majority of head lice, whether treatment was for 10 min (resulting in 0% to 50.0% mortality) or 30 min (resulting in 17.0% to 60.0% mortality). We also extended a clinical assessment to confirm the efficacy of 1% permethrin for treating head lice in infested schoolchildren. In this clinical assessment, none of the 26 children treated with 1% permethrin shampoo achieved a cure after two applications. These results highlight that 4% dimeticone demonstrated a higher ex-vivo pediculicidal efficacy compared to both chemical and botanical pediculicides in Thailand. Conversely, 1% permethrin showed low efficacy in both laboratory and clinical assessments. Given its physical mode of action, 4% dimeticone merits consideration as an alternative treatment option for lice in Thailand, particularly in cases where treatment with toxic pediculicides has proven ineffective.

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“…The diagnosis is made by searching for individual parasites on the head and is hampered by the rapid movement of the parasite, which shuns the light. While the diagnosis using a lice comb is the efficient and fast (7, 9−11), wet combing remains the most accurate diagnostic method for pediculosis, as evidenced by a number of other recent publications (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediculosis humanus capitis in 6-7 years old schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain

Morales-Suárez-Varela¹,

Álvarez-Fernández²,

Peraita-Costa³

et al. 2023

Cent Eur J Public Health

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Objectives: Pediculosis humanus capitis is a worldwide public health concern that affects mostly school-aged children. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of pediculosis and to determine possible risk factors in a group of primary school children in Valencia, Spain; 227 children, 6-7 years old, were selected from 7 schools.Methods: A self-reported questionnaire completed by the parents/guardians about the presence of pediculosis in their children and their knowledge about pediculosis. The results recorded in the questionnaire were analysed by SPSS® software.Results: 30.4% of the children had pediculosis. The results showed significant variation (p < 0.05) in prevalence depending on the following factors: sex, hair length, level of parental education, family size, presence of affected family member in the home, and frequency of hair washing. Less than half of parents/guardians showed an appropriate level of knowledge on pediculosis. Pediculosis remains a health problem in Valencian schoolchildren. The family size and existence of another member with pediculosis were shown to be the main potentiating factors.Conclusions: Parents are not sufficiently informed about pediculosis and adopt inappropriate practices. There is a need to promote studies with the objective of determining risk factors for pediculosis as well as the need for actions to increase the knowledge of parents and healthcare professionals on this parasitosis to prevent outbreaks in the community, assure correct treatment and maintain effective epidemiological surveillance.

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Head Lice

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Clinical Issues — December 2023

Clinical Issues — December 2023

Comparative efficacy of chemical and botanical pediculicides in Thailand and 4% dimeticone against head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis

Pediculosis humanus capitis in 6-7 years old schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain

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