Head circumference trajectories during the first two years of life and cognitive development, emotional, and behavior problems in adolescence: a cohort study

Zhu, Zhonghai; Shen, Jiali; Zhu, Yingze; Wang, Liang; Qi, Qi; Wang, Xueyao; Li, Chao; Andegiorgish, Amanuel Kidane; Elhoumed, Mohamed; Cheng, Yue; Dibley, Michael J.; Zeng, Lingxia

doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04554-0

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, preeclampsia has been associated with a nearly 3-fold higher risk of FGR, which itself has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes in children . FGR has also been accompanied by poor fetal brain growth, as evidenced in small birth head circumference, as well as restricted early childhood head growth that may impact later cognition . Differentiating the unique and interacting associations of these risk factors (preeclampsia and FGR both separately and together) in the context of the associations between prematurity with developmental and behavioral outcomes therefore becomes challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 22 FGR has also been accompanied by poor fetal brain growth, as evidenced in small birth head circumference, as well as restricted early childhood head growth that may impact later cognition. 23 Differentiating the unique and interacting associations of these risk factors (preeclampsia and FGR both separately and together) in the context of the associations between prematurity with developmental and behavioral outcomes therefore becomes challenging. Despite the inherent challenges, identifying targeted exposures that may lead to adverse outcomes for preterm infants with varied and cooccurring complications is paramount to preventing early delays with focused interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and 24-Month Neurodevelopment in Very Preterm Infants

Check,

Shuster,

Hofheimer

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePreeclampsia has direct influences on a developing fetus and may impact postnatal health, and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is often seen co-occurring with preeclampsia. The development of children born very preterm after preeclampsia diagnosis with and without FGR is not well characterized.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of preeclampsia and FGR with developmental and/or behavioral outcomes in a cohort of very preterm infants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, infants in the prospective Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants study were enrolled between April 2014 and June 2016 from 9 US university-affiliated neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Eligible infants were born before 30 weeks’ gestation. Infants were excluded for any major congenital anomalies and for maternal age younger than 18 years or cognitive impairment impacting the ability to provide informed consent. Data analysis was performed from November 2023 to January 2024.ExposureMaternal preeclampsia and FGR in very preterm infants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe Bayley-III cognition, motor, and language scores less than 85 (−1 SD) indicated developmental delay. Child Behavior Checklist/Preschool 1.5-5 T-scores greater than or equal to 64 for internalizing, externalizing, or total problems indicated clinical importance.ResultsOf 704 infants enrolled, 529 (mean [SD] gestational age, 27.0 [1.9] weeks; 287 male [54.3%]) were studied at 24-month follow-up. A total of 94 infants’ mothers had preeclampsia (23.2%), and 46 infants (8.7%) had FGR. In adjusted models, preeclampsia was not associated with Bayley-III (cognitive, B = 3.43 [95% CI, −0.19 to 6.66]; language, B = 3.92 [95% CI, 0.44 to 7.39]; motor, B = 1.86 [95% CI, −1.74 to 5.47]) or Child Behavior Checklist/Preschool 1.5-5 (internalizing, B = −0.08 [95% CI, −2.58 to 2.73]; externalizing, B = 0.69 [95% CI, −1.76 to 3.15]; total, B = 0.21 [95% CI, −2.48 to 2.91]) outcomes. FGR was associated with significantly lower Bayley-III scores (cognitive, B = −8.61 [95% CI, −13.33 to −3.89]; language, B = −8.29 [95% CI, −12.95 to −3.63]; motor, B = −7.60 [95% CI, −12.40 to −2.66]), regardless of preeclampsia status.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of preterm infants, preeclampsia was not associated with developmental and/or behavioral outcomes, but infants with FGR may be prone to developmental delays. These findings suggest future areas of research for understanding the roles of preeclampsia and FGR separately and together in early child development for preterm infants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and 24-Month Neurodevelopment in Very Preterm Infants

Check,

Shuster,

Hofheimer

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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show abstract

“…Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (BW) are associated with adult obesity, type 2 diabetes 3 and cardiovascular disease, 4 and higher abdominal fat in children at 7–8 years is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease 5 . Larger head circumference at birth is associated with better cardiovascular health 6 and higher cognitive function 2,7,8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fetal origins hypothesis states that risk of disease in adult life is linked to fetal response to intrauterine environment, 1 and measurement of birth anthropometrics is a valuable screening tool of child development. 2 Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (BW) are associated with adult obesity, type 2 diabetes 3 and cardiovascular disease, 4 and higher abdominal fat in children at 7-8 years is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. 5 Larger head circumference at birth is associated with better cardiovascular health 6 and higher cognitive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Larger head circumference at birth is associated with better cardiovascular health 6 and higher cognitive function. 2,7,8 In pregnancy, maternal total testosterone (TT) levels increase through the trimesters, whereas free testosterone (FT) remains at non-pregnant levels until a significant increase in the third trimester. 9,10 Two prospective studies 11,12 reported that higher TT and FT in the third trimester were associated with lower BW in boys 12 and in both sexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher free testosterone in the third trimester was associated with lower abdominal circumference at birth in boys: Odense child cohort

Palm

Dreyer

Boye

et al. 2023

BJOG

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ObjectiveTo investigate associations between maternal testosterone status and offspring birth anthropometrics.DesignPopulation‐based prospective cohort study.SettingUniversity Hospital.Population1486 mother–child dyads from Odense Child Cohort.MethodsMaternal blood samples were collected at gestational weeks 27–30 and free testosterone (FT) levels were calculated using the Vermeulen equation from total testosterone (TT) analysed by mass spectrometry and sex hormone binding globulin. Associations between FT or TT levels and birth anthropometrics were analysed with multiple linear regression models according to offspring sex with adjustment for maternal age, parity, smoking and educational level. Analyses were repeated with polycystic ovary syndrome as exposure for offspring birth anthropometrics.Main outcome measuresOffspring birth weight (BW), birth length, abdominal and head circumferences.ResultsMaternal mean (SD) age was 30.2 (4.5) years and pre‐pregnancy body mass index was 23.5 (5.3) kg/m2. In boys (n = 787), higher FT was associated with lower birth weight (adjusted doubling constant = −65.53, P = 0.010), shorter birth length (adjusted doubling constant = −0.43, P < 0.001), and lower abdominal circumference (adjusted doubling constant = −0.39, P < 0.001); Higher TT was associated with lower abdominal circumference (adjusted doubling constant = −0.25, P = 0.028). In girls, no associations were found between maternal FT or TT and offspring anthropometrics.ConclusionsHigher maternal free testosterone exposure was linked to reduced birth weight, length and abdominal circumference in boys, whereas girls were not susceptible to maternal testosterone exposure.

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Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment as a late-onset sepsis mortality predictor in very low birth weight newborns: a Brazilian cohort study

et al. 2022

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Head circumference trajectories during the first two years of life and cognitive development, emotional, and behavior problems in adolescence: a cohort study

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and 24-Month Neurodevelopment in Very Preterm Infants

Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and 24-Month Neurodevelopment in Very Preterm Infants

Higher free testosterone in the third trimester was associated with lower abdominal circumference at birth in boys: Odense child cohort

Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment as a late-onset sepsis mortality predictor in very low birth weight newborns: a Brazilian cohort study

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