Head and Neck Myxoma Presenting as Isolated Laryngeal Polyp

Abstract

Myxoma is a benign tumour with a propensity for local infiltration and recurrence. Laryngeal myxoma presents as a submucosal polyp. Being an uncommon tumour and mimicking vocal cord polyp, only anecdotal evidence is available in the literature. The literature was reviewed from 1986 onwards using the keywords “myxoma” and “larynx.” The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Along with this, we also report our case of vocal fold myxoma. We found a total of 19 studies reporting laryngeal myxoma. Laryngeal myxoma typically affects males in the 6th decade with a history of smoking. Unlike myxomas originating outside the larynx, recurrence is not widely described, and microlaryngeal surgery will usually suffice. Laryngeal myxomas should definitely be kept in the list of differential diagnosis when dealing with a benign-looking vocal fold lesion.

A Nerve Sheath Myxoma (Soft Tissue Myxoma) of the Lower Lip: Rare Case Study

“…Peripheral (soft tissue) myxomas are a group of contrastive soft tissue tumors with a similar histological presentation of copious myxoid material in their background [1], [4]. Soft tissue myxomas are considered a growth of primitive undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of perineural origin or nerve cell origin [2], [5]. There are a wide range of groups of soft tissue tumors with different invasion properties, ranging from benign to highly aggressive types [5].…”

“…Soft tissue myxomas are considered a growth of primitive undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of perineural origin or nerve cell origin [2], [5]. There are a wide range of groups of soft tissue tumors with different invasion properties, ranging from benign to highly aggressive types [5]. Although they are mostly benign, the locally infiltrative nature makes recurrence a common feature if the margins are positive [4], [5].…”

“…There are a wide range of groups of soft tissue tumors with different invasion properties, ranging from benign to highly aggressive types [5]. Although they are mostly benign, the locally infiltrative nature makes recurrence a common feature if the margins are positive [4], [5].…”

“…In General, nerve sheath myxoma is categorized into three different types according to the myxoid background of the lesion, they are classical type, cellular type, and mixed type [2]. Special staining techniques and immunohistochemistry stains like CD34, SMA, CD63, S100, and desmin are of great help in diagnosing and identifying lesions from similar entities [1], [5]. In this case study, the definitive diagnosis of nerve sheath myxoma was made after a complete histological examination and immunohistochemistry staining results since the clinical presentation of such a lesion is not pathognomonic.…”

Pathology of Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Vocal Folds

“…Histochemical stains like Congo red and crystal violet can be helpful in identifying the nature of the amorphous material. Myxoma has been rarely reported in the larynx, and it has characteristic stellate spindle cells embedded in an avascular, basophilic, gelatinouslike matrix [40,41]. Contact ulcer has an ulcerated and fibrin-coated surface and usually involves the posterior portion of the vocal folds.…”