Head and Neck Cancer: Global Burden and Regional Trends in India

Mishra, Anupam; Meherotra, Rohit

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.537

Cited by 153 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Comparative worldwide studies have reported its incidence to be much higher in India (Moore et al, 2000;Mishra and Meherotra, 2014). In Chennai, India, oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) represents 5% and 1.6% of incident cancers of all sites among males and females respectively as per the reports of population based cancer registry of the National Cancer Registry Program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Stratification of Early Stage Oral Tongue Cancers Based on HPV Status and p16 Immunoexpression

Ramshankar¹,

Soundara²,

Shyamsundar³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Recent epidemiological data have implicated human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancers, especially oropharyngeal cancers. Although, HPV has been detected in varied amounts in persons with oral dysplasia, leukoplakias and malignancies, its involvement in oral tongue carcinogenesis remains ambiguous. Materials and Methods: HPV DNA prevalence was assessed by PCR with formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections (n=167) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients and the physical status of the HPV16 DNA was assessed by qPCR. Immunohistochemistry was conducted for p16 evaluation. Results: We found the HPV prevalence in tongue cancers to be 51.2%, HPV 16 being present in 85.2% of the positive cases. A notable finding was a very poor concordance between HPV 16 DNA and p16 IHC findings (kappa<0.2). Further molecular classification of patients based on HPV16 DNA prevalence and p16 overexpression showed that patients with tumours showing p16 overexpression had increased hazard of death (HR=2.395; p=0.005) and disease recurrence (HR=2.581; p=0.002) irrespective of their HPV 16 DNA status. Conclusions: Our study has brought out several key facets which can potentially redefine our understanding of tongue cancer tumorigenesis. It has emphatically shown p16 overexpression to be a single important prognostic variable in defining a high risk group and depicting a poorer prognosis, thus highlighting the need for its routine assessment in tongue cancers. Another significant finding was a very poor concordance between p16 expression and HPV infection suggesting that p16 expression should possibly not be used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection in tongue cancers. Interestingly, the prognostic significance of p16 overexpression is different from that reported in oropharyngeal cancers. The mechanism of HPV independent p16 over expression in oral tongue cancers is possibly a distinct entity and needs to be further studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Stratification of Early Stage Oral Tongue Cancers Based on HPV Status and p16 Immunoexpression

Ramshankar¹,

Soundara²,

Shyamsundar³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…The trends in epidemiology of oral cancer in Asia in the past decade (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) shows oral tongue as the most frequently affected site (Krishna et al, 2013). Earlier studies report a higher incidence of OTSCC in India compared to other countries (Moore et al, 2000;Elango et al, 2006;Krishnamurthy et al, 2013;Mishra et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p53 Expression Helps Identify High Risk Oral Tongue Premalignant Lesions and Correlates with Patterns of Invasive Tumour Front and Tumour Depth in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cases

Thangaraj

Shyamsundar²,

Ramani³

et al. 2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common oral cancer subtype with a maximum propensity for regional spread. Our objective was to study if p53 expression might have any correlation with aggressive patterns of invasion within oral tongue cancers as well as with the histologically identified degree of oral tongue dysplasia. p53 immunoexpression was studied using immunohistochemistry in early staged OTSCCs (n=155), oral tongue dysplasias, (n=29) and oral tongue normal specimens (n=10) and evaluated for correlations with histological and clinicopathological parameters. Our study (n=194) showed a pattern of p53 expression increasing with different grades of tongue dysplasia to different grades of invasive OTSCC (p=0.000). Among the OTSCC tumours, positive p53 expression was seen in 43.2% (67/155) and a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased Bryne's grade of the tumour invasive front (p=0.039) and increased tumour depth (p=0.018). Among the OTSCC patients with tobacco habits, (n=91), a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased risk of local recurrence (p=0.025) and with lymphovascular space involvement (p=0.014). Evaluation of p53 through varying degrees of dysplasia to oral tongue cancer indicates that p53 expression is linked to aggressive features of oral tongue cancers and tongue precancers entailing a closer monitoring in positive cases. Among the OTSCCs, p53 expression is associated with tumour aggressiveness correlating with increased grading of invasive tumour front and tumour depth.

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“…Oral cancer is the most common subtype of head and neck cancers with a worldwide incidence of greater than 300,000 cases. The disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality with a 5-year survival of less than 50% (1,2). Unlike other subsites of oral cavity like gingivo-buccal, tumors originating in the anterior part of tongue or oral tongue have an increased association with younger patients (3,4), spread early to lymph nodes (3), and have a higher regional failure (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HNSCCs are the sixth leading cause of cancer worldwide (1) and account for almost 30% of all cancer cases in India (2). Oral cancer is the most common subtype of head and neck cancers with a worldwide incidence of greater than 300,000 cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Minimal DNA Methylation Signature in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Links Altered Methylation with Tumor Attributes

Krishnan

Dhas

Nair

et al. 2016

Molecular Cancer Research

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Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC) are a homogenous group of aggressive tumors in the head and neck region that spread early to lymph nodes and have a higher incidence of regional failure. In addition, there is a rising incidence of oral tongue cancer in younger populations. Studies on functional DNA methylation changes linked with altered gene expression are critical for understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor development and metastasis. Such studies also provide important insight into biomarkers linked with viral infection, tumor metastasis, and patient survival in OTSCC. Therefore, we performed genome-wide methylation analysis of tumors (N ¼ 52) and correlated altered methylation with differential gene expression. The minimal tumor-specific DNA 5-methylcytosine signature identified genes near 16 different differentially methylated regions, which were validated using genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. In our cohort, hypermethylation of MIR10B was significantly associated with the differential expression of its target genes NR4A3 and BCL2L11 (P ¼ 0.0125 and P ¼ 0.014, respectively), which was inversely correlated with disease-free survival (P ¼ 9EÀ15 and P ¼ 2EÀ15, respectively) in patients. Finally, differential methylation in FUT3, TRIM5, TSPAN7, MAP3K8, RPS6KA2, SLC9A9, and NPAS3 genes was found to be predictive of certain clinical and epidemiologic parameters.Implications: This study reveals a functional minimal methylation profile in oral tongue tumors with associated risk habits, clinical, and epidemiologic outcomes. In addition, NR4A3 downregulation and correlation with patient survival suggests a potential target for therapeutic intervention in oral tongue tumors. Data from the current study are deposited in the NCBI Geo database (accession number GSE75540).

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Head and Neck Cancer: Global Burden and Regional Trends in India

Cited by 153 publications

References 61 publications

Risk Stratification of Early Stage Oral Tongue Cancers Based on HPV Status and p16 Immunoexpression

Risk Stratification of Early Stage Oral Tongue Cancers Based on HPV Status and p16 Immunoexpression

p53 Expression Helps Identify High Risk Oral Tongue Premalignant Lesions and Correlates with Patterns of Invasive Tumour Front and Tumour Depth in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cases

A Minimal DNA Methylation Signature in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Links Altered Methylation with Tumor Attributes

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