He Hydrology of Overland Flow in Wetlands

Kadlec, Robert H.; Hammer, David E.; Nam, I. E.; Wilkes, James O.

doi:10.1080/00986448108911031

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In order to calculate wetland overland flow, water depth (as given by ) needs to be related to flow rate. Kadlec et al [1981] investigated the hydrology of overland flow in wetlands. They found that results obtained by using the Manning equation did not match measured data collected from a wetland site.…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A wetland hydrology and water quality model incorporating surface water/groundwater interactions

Kazezyılmaz-Alhan

Medina

Richardson

2007

Water Resources Research

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[1] In the last two decades the beneficial aspects of constructed treatment wetlands have been studied extensively. However, the importance of restored wetlands as a best management practice to improve the water quality of storm water runoff has only recently been appreciated. Furthermore, investigating surface water/groundwater interactions within wetlands is now acknowledged to be essential in order to better understand the effect of wetland hydrology on water quality. In this study, the development of a general comprehensive wetland model Wetland Solute Transport Dynamics (WETSAND) that has both surface flow and solute transport components is presented. The model incorporates surface water/groundwater interactions and accounts for upstream contributions from urbanized areas. The effect of restored wetlands on storm water runoff is also investigated by routing the overland flow through the wetland area, collecting the runoff within the stream, and transporting it to the receiving water using diffusion wave routing techniques. The computed velocity profiles are subsequently used to obtain water quality concentration distributions in wetland areas. The water quality component solves the advection-dispersion equation for several nitrogen and phosphorus constituents, and it also incorporates the surface water/groundwater interactions by including the incoming/outgoing mass due to the groundwater recharge/discharge. In addition, output from the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM5) is incorporated into this conceptual wetland model to simulate the runoff quantity and quality flowing into a wetland area from upstream urban sources. Additionally, the model can simulate a water control structure using storage routing principles and known stage-discharge spillway relationships.

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Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A wetland hydrology and water quality model incorporating surface water/groundwater interactions

Kazezyılmaz-Alhan

Medina

Richardson

2007

Water Resources Research

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“…Infiltration was determined to be nil [Haag, 1979]. Preliminary estimates were made of subsurface hydraulic conductivity [Parker, 1974] and overland flow parameters [Kadlec et al, 1981]. Daily precipitation rates were provided from weather records.…”

Section: Computer Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for wetland surface water dynamics

Hammer¹,

Kadlec²

1986

Water Resources Research

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Hammer and Kadlec [1986] present a model and data describing the dynamics of water flowing horizontally through a wetland. Their model is based on a pair of mass balance equations, one used in the case in which the free surface is above the sediment surface and the other used in the case in which the free surface (water table) is below the sediment surface. This pair of the mass balance equations can be derived from a single mass balance equation. The model of Hammer and Kadlec [1986] is successful in describing the distribution of head in the wetland because their mass balance equations contain the dominant flux terms in the more general equation for the cases of the free surface above and below the sediment surface. The use of two mass balance equations implies that surface water and pore water are decoupled and independent , when in fact there exists a gradual transition between the two regimes in wetlands. The purpose of this commentary is to suggest a form for the general mass balance equation for one-dimensional flow in a wetland that retains the coupling between surface water and pore water. The resulting equation is operationally equivalent to the pair of equations used by Hammer and Kadlec. There is no conflict between discussion presented here and the results and discussion of Hammer and Kadlec regarding the dynamics of surface water flow in wetlands. The advantage of the proposed formulation is that the coupling between surface water and pore water is represented more accurately. This becomes important when one begins to consider the role of the hydrologic cycle in biogeochemical cycles in wetlands. DERIVATION OF THE MASS BALANCE EQUATION The mass balance on water on a vertical slice taken through the full width w of a wetland, perpendicular to the direction of flow (Figure 1), is described by wS dt-dz w vz dy + w[P-E + A-I] (1) b The rate of change of water content in the slice is equal to the total inflow minus outflow due to horizontal velocities perpendicular to the slice, v z, plus the net contribution due to the vertical fluxes of precipitation, P; evapotranspiration, E; lateral inflows and additions, A; and infiltration to an underlying aquifer, I. The rate of change of water content is related to the rate of change of hydraulic head, h, by a storage coefficient S, defined here as the change in water content of the sediment and overlying water column per unit change in head, per unit surface area. The storage coefficient is dimensionless and operationally equivalent to the porosi-ties, •s and (I)g, defined by Hammer and Kadlec, but it differs in concept as will be discussed below. A one-dimensional mass balance is thus developed following the notation of Hammer and Kadlec as much as possible. The integral of horizontal fluxes over the depth interval [hb, h] can be replaced by expressions that give the net horizontal flux above and below the sediment surface: wS •-[ = •zz w(h-hg)a(h-hg) tt + •zz w(hg-hb)[(•zz + W[P-E + A-I] (2) It is assumed that pressure is hydrostatically distributed in the ve...

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“…In order to determine h c , analogous to modern spring environments in the area, it was assumed that after initial mound formation, the resultant wetland was colonised by dense sedge and reed vegetation quickly compared to the time estimated to build up the mound 15 . Flow within a shallow, vegetated wetland may be described as slow and gravitationally controlled 23 , 24 . The following equation was used to model the friction effects of vegetation and detritus on flow in the wetland 23 – 26 : where q is discharge per unit width (m 2 /s), K w is the hydraulic conductance coefficient for overland flow (m 2−b /s), h r is the height of the surface water column at radius r (m), b is an exponent related to vegetation microtopography, stem depth and density distribution, S is the hydraulic gradient (d h r / d r ), a is an exponent that expresses the degree of flow turbulence 26 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling size constraints on carbonate platform formation in groundwater upwelling zones

Keppel

Post

Love

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Carbonate depositional systems related to groundwater upwelling are ubiquitous around the world and form ecologically and culturally important features of many landscapes. Spring carbonate deposits record past climatic and hydrological conditions. The reconstruction of past processes using spring carbonate proxies requires fundamental understanding of the factors that control their geometry. In this work, we show that the spatial extent of spring carbonate platforms is amenable to quantitative prediction by simulating the early growth stage of their formation for the iconic mound springs in the central Australian outback. We exploit their well-defined, circular geometry to demonstrate the existence of two size-limiting regimes: one controlled by the spring flow rate and the other by the concentration of lattice ions. Deviations between modelled and observed size metrics are attributable to diminishing spring flow rates since formation, enabling assessment of the relative vulnerability of springs to further hydrological change.

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He Hydrology of Overland Flow in Wetlands

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

A wetland hydrology and water quality model incorporating surface water/groundwater interactions

A wetland hydrology and water quality model incorporating surface water/groundwater interactions

A model for wetland surface water dynamics

Modelling size constraints on carbonate platform formation in groundwater upwelling zones

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