he ferns of the late Ladinian, Middle Triassic flora from Monte Agnello, Dolomites, N-Italy

Kustatscher, Evelyn; Dellantonio, Elio; Cittert, Johanna H.A. van Konijnenburg‐van

doi:10.4202/app.2012.0076

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Put together, the phylogeny, fossil record, and optimization of characters provide a much more complete picture of the evolutionary history of the family. The earliest‐known Dipteridaceace fossils are from the Middle Triassic (e.g., Dictyophyllum and Thaumatopteris ; Webb, ; Kustatscher et al., ), suggesting that the origin of the family likely dates back to the Early Triassic or Late Paleozoic (Tidwell and Ash, ). The family then reached its peak in generic diversity in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, and fossils of all six genera recognized in this paper have been found in Mesozoic deposits across the world (e.g., Zeiller, ; Nathorst, ; Berry, ; Oishi and Yamasita, ; Frenguelli, ; Harris, ; Corsin and Waterlot, ; Stockey et al., ; Turner et al., ; Bomfleur and Kerp, ; Zhou et al., ; Choo et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the evolutionary history of the fern family Dipteridaceae (Gleicheniales) by incorporating both extant and extinct members in a combined phylogenetic study

Choo

Escapa²

2018

American J of Botany

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the evolutionary history of the fern family Dipteridaceae (Gleicheniales) by incorporating both extant and extinct members in a combined phylogenetic study

Choo

Escapa²

2018

American J of Botany

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“…The fronds are characterized by small, coriaceous pinnules with a semicircular shape and broad attachments to the rachis. The ovuliferous organs are of the Peltaspermum -type [101]. Sphenopteris suessii is characterized by inversely lanceolate pinnules (9 x 13 mm) with a constricted base.…”

Section: Geological and Biological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional elements are small pinnae fragments with alethopteroid-type pinnules. The pinnules are oblong to slightly falcate with a rounded apex and a decurrent, proximal base; adjacent pinnules are connected by a wing along the rachis [101]. …”

Section: Geological and Biological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

2016

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To discern the effect of the end-Permian (P-Tr) ecological crisis on land, interactions between plants and their insect herbivores were examined for four time intervals containing ten major floras from the Dolomites of northeastern Italy during a Permian–Triassic interval. These floras are: (i) the Kungurian Tregiovo Flora; (ii) the Wuchiapingian Bletterbach Flora; (iii) three Anisian floras; and (iv) five Ladinian floras. Derived plant–insect interactional data is based on 4242 plant specimens (1995 Permian, 2247 Triassic) allocated to 86 fossil taxa (32 Permian, 56 Triassic), representing lycophytes, sphenophytes, pteridophytes, pteridosperms, ginkgophytes, cycadophytes and coniferophytes from 37 million-year interval (23 m.yr. Permian, 14 m.yr. Triassic). Major Kungurian herbivorized plants were unaffiliated taxa and pteridosperms; later during the Wuchiapingian cycadophytes were predominantly consumed. For the Anisian, pteridosperms and cycadophytes were preferentially consumed, and subordinately pteridophytes, lycophytes and conifers. Ladinian herbivores overwhelming targeted pteridosperms and subordinately cycadophytes and conifers. Throughout the interval the percentage of insect-damaged leaves in bulk floras, as a proportion of total leaves examined, varied from 3.6% for the Kungurian (N = 464 leaves), 1.95% for the Wuchiapingian (N = 1531), 11.65% for the pooled Anisian (N = 1324), to 10.72% for the pooled Ladinian (N = 923), documenting an overall herbivory rise. The percentage of generalized consumption, equivalent to external foliage feeding, consistently exceeded the level of specialized consumption from internal feeding. Generalized damage ranged from 73.6% (Kungurian) of all feeding damage, to 79% (Wuchiapingian), 65.5% (pooled Anisian) and 73.2% (pooled Ladinian). Generalized-to-specialized ratios show minimal change through the interval, although herbivore component community structure (herbivore species feeding on a single plant-host species) increasingly was partitioned from Wuchiapingian to Ladinian. The Paleozoic plant with the richest herbivore component community, the coniferophyte Pseudovoltzia liebeana, harbored four damage types (DTs), whereas its Triassic parallel, the pteridosperm Scytophyllum bergeri housed 11 DTs, almost four times that of P. liebeana. Although generalized DTs of P. liebeana were similar to S. bergeri, there was expansion of Triassic specialized feeding types, including leaf mining. Permian–Triassic generalized herbivory remained relatively constant, but specialized herbivores more finely partitioned plant-host tissues via new feeding modes, especially in the Anisian. Insect-damaged leaf percentages for Dolomites Kungurian and Wuchiapingian floras were similar to those of lower Permian, north-central Texas, but only one-third that of southeastern Brazil. Global herbivore patterns for Early Triassic plant–insect interactions remain unknown.

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“…Monte Agnello (Fig. 1) represents an area that was marginally influenced by the Ladinian volcanic activity of the Predazzo volcano and is characterized by a well-preserved stratigraphic succession (e.g., Kustatscher et al 2014a). The 250 meter thick volcanic succession is composed of "explosion breccia" at the base, followed by lava breccia, and alternations of lava flows and tuffs (Calanchi et al 1977;Calanchi et al 1978;Lucchini et al 1982).…”

Section: Geological and Paleontological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ladinian floras from the Dolomites have been extensively studied in recent years (e.g., Kustatscher et al 2014a;Kustatscher & Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert 2005 and references therein), evidencing a dominance of conifers (Voltzia, Pelourdea), while cycadophytes, seed ferns, ferns, horsetails, and lycopsids are much rarer. Nevertheless, the flora from Monte Agnello is markedly distinct from other Ladinian floras of the Dolomites by its higher diversity and abundance in cycadophytes, seed ferns and ferns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Plant–insect interactions from Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy)—initial pattern and response to abiotic environmental perturbations (v0.2)"

Currano¹

2015

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The Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition is characterized by the most massive extinction of the Phanerozoic. Nevertheless, an impressive adaptive radiation of herbivorous insects occurred on gymnosperm-dominated floras not earlier than during the Middle to Late Triassic, penecontemporaneous with similar events worldwide, all which exhibit parallel expansions of generalized and mostly specialized insect herbivory on plants, expressed as insect damage on a various plant organs and tissues. The flora from Monte Agnello is distinctive, due to its preservation in subaerially deposited pyroclastic layers with exceptionally preserved details. Thus, the para-autochthonous assemblage provides insights into environmental disturbances, caused by volcanic activity, and how they profoundly affected the structure and composition of herbivory patterns. These diverse Middle Triassic biota supply extensive evidence for insect herbivore colonization, resulting in specific and complex herbivory patterns involving the frequency and diversity of 20 distinctive damage types (DTs). These DT patterns show that external foliage feeders, piercer-and-suckers, leaf miners, gallers, and oviposition culprits were intricately using almost all tissue types from the dominant host plants of voltzialean conifers (e.g., Voltzia), horsetails, ferns (e.g., Neuropteridium, Phlebopteris, Cladophlebis and Thaumatopteris), seed ferns (e.g., Scytophyllum), and cycadophytes (e.g., Bjuvia and Nilssonia).

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he ferns of the late Ladinian, Middle Triassic flora from Monte Agnello, Dolomites, N-Italy

Abstract: Several fern remains are described from the para-autochthonous early late Ladinian flora of the Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Assessing the evolutionary history of the fern family Dipteridaceae (Gleicheniales) by incorporating both extant and extinct members in a combined phylogenetic study

Assessing the evolutionary history of the fern family Dipteridaceae (Gleicheniales) by incorporating both extant and extinct members in a combined phylogenetic study

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

Peer Review #1 of "Plant–insect interactions from Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy)—initial pattern and response to abiotic environmental perturbations (v0.2)"

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