HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk

Xu, Cheng; Weng, Zhenkun; Zhang, Liye; Xu, Jin; Dahal, Maginsh; Basnet, Til Bahadur; Gu, Aihua

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111433

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In 2015, 18 million deaths were attributed to cardiovascular diseases, accounting for approximately one-third of all-cause deaths and representing an increase of 12.5% from 2005. The American Heart Association reports that 92.1 million adults in the US currently have CVD, and it is predicted that approximately 43.9% of the entire U.S. population will have CVD by 2030 [10].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and The Mechanism Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2021

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and applying new, naturally occurring molecules that promote health. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. Quite a few fermented products serve as the source of probiotic strains, with many factors influencing the effectiveness of probiotics, including interactions of probiotic bacteria with the host’s microbiome. Prebiotics contain no microorganisms, only substances which stimulate their growth. Prebiotics can be obtained from various sources, including breast milk, soybeans, and raw oats, however, the most popular prebiotics are the oligosaccharides contained in plants. Recent research increasingly claims that probiotics and prebiotics alleviate many disorders related to the immune system, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. However, little is known about the role of these supplements as important dietary components in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease. Still, some reports and clinical studies were conducted, offering new ways of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the roles of gut microbiota, probiotics, and prebiotics interventions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and The Mechanism Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2021

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“…The experimental evidence supports a role for Cd in atherosclerosis, as Cd may increase inflammation [21] and endothelial oxidative stress [22,23]. Furthermore, higher Cd exposure is associated with a higher LDL cholesterol level [24], lower HDL cholesterol level [25], and higher levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein [24] and the plasma-soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor [26]. The dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation caused by Cd exposure may lead to cardiovascular disease among inhabitants of Cd-polluted areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

The Relationship between the Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Cause-Specific Mortality in Subjects without Severe Renal Damage: A 35-Year Follow-Up Study in a Cadmium-Polluted Area of Japan

Sakurai

Suwazono

Nishijo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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We evaluated the association between urinary cadmium concentration (uCd, μg/g Cr) and risk of cause-specific mortality according to urinary β2-microglobulin (MG) concentration. Participants were 1383 male and 1700 female inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin. The uCd and β2-MG were evaluated in a survey in 1981–1982, where those participants were followed-up over 35 years later. Among the participants with a urinary β2-MG < 1000, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for mortality were significantly higher in those with a uCd of ≥ 10.0 compared with < 5.0 for cardiovascular disease [HR 1.92 (1.08–3.40) for men, 1.71 (1.07–2.71) for women], pneumonia or influenza [2.10 (1.10–4.00) for men, 2.22 (1.17–4.19) for women], and digestive diseases [for men; 3.81 (1.49–9.74)]. The uCd was significantly associated with mortality from heart failure in women and digestive diseases in men, after adjustment for other causes of death using the Fine and Gray competing risk regression model. For participants with a urinary β2-MG of ≥ 1000, no significant association was observed between uCd and any major cause of death. In the absence of kidney damage, Cd may increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, and digestive diseases.

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“…Surprisingly, only the Zn/Pb and Cd/Zn molar ratios were significantly correlated with HDL levels in the current study, while no significant associations were observed between LDL, TG, TC, non-HDL and toxic elements in AIS patients. The results of numerous studies conducted among humans and animals, and experimental studies show that high exposure to Cd may promote hyperlipidemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C, and decreased HDL-C [ 23 , 30 , 33 , 40 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ]. Furthermore, exposure to Cd and Pb was closely associated with atherogenic changes in a lipid profile [ 30 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke

et al. 2023

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Background: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known to be two of the metal contaminants that pose the greatest potential threat to human health. The purpose of this research study was to compare the levels of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with a control group in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The study also aimed to assess the correlations between toxic metals and clinical data in AIS patients, and to assess the potential effect of smoking. Materials and methods: The levels of mineral components in the collected blood samples were assessed by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: The Cd blood concentration was significantly higher in AIS patients as compared to the control group. We found that the molar ratios of Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb were significantly higher (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), when the molar ratios of Se/Pb, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd were significantly lower (p = 0.01; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), in AIS patients as compared to control subjects. However, there were no considerable fluctuations in relation to the blood Pb concentration or molar ratios of Zn/Pb and Cu/Pb between our AIS patients and the control group. We also found that patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) atherosclerosis, particularly those with 20–50% ICA stenosis, had higher concentrations of Cd and Cd/Zn, but lower Cu/Cd and Se/Cd molar ratios. In the course of our analysis, we observed that current smokers among AIS patients had significantly higher blood-Cd concentrations, Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb molar ratios, and hemoglobin levels, but significantly lower HDL-C concentrations, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd molar ratios. Conclusions: Our research has shown that the disruption of the metal balance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AIS. Furthermore, our results broaden those of previous studies on the exposure to Cd and Pb as risk factors for AIS. Further investigations are necessary to examine the probable mechanisms of Cd and Pb in the onset of ischemic stroke. The Cd/Zn molar ratio may be a useful biomarker of atherosclerosis in AIS patients. An accurate assessment of changes in the molar ratios of essential and toxic trace elements could serve as a valuable indicator of the nutritional status and levels of oxidative stress in AIS patients. It is critical to investigate the potential role of exposure to metal mixtures in AIS, due to its public health implications.

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HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

The Relationship between the Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Cause-Specific Mortality in Subjects without Severe Renal Damage: A 35-Year Follow-Up Study in a Cadmium-Polluted Area of Japan

Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke

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