HDL and cardiovascular disease

Rader, Daniel J.; Hovingh, G. Kees

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61217-4

Cited by 593 publications

(434 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, we did detect lower circulating cholesterol by week 8 (5%; P = 0.05). In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in HDL‐cholesterol ( P < 0.001) postintervention, where higher levels are associated with atheroprotective properties (Rader and Hoving 2014) and others have observed a similar HDL‐cholesterol response following a high fiber intervention (Jenkins et al. 1993).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Efficacy of nutritional interventions to lower circulating ceramides in young adults: FRUVEDomic pilot study

et al. 2017

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The 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends a diet largely composed of fruit and vegetables. Consuming a diet high in fruit and vegetables and low in refined carbohydrates and saturated fat may reduce an individual's risk for type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, low‐grade chronic inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several recent studies have implicated the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide as an associative and causative biomarker for the development of these conditions. Considering that the intake of fruit and vegetables is frequently inadequate in young adults, we performed a pilot investigation to assess the efficacy of a free‐living fruit and vegetable intervention on overall metabolic health, circulating ceramide supply, and inflammatory status in young adults. We discovered that adoption of the recommended DGA for fruit and vegetable intake for 8 weeks decreased waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and circulating cholesterol. Lipidomics analysis revealed that nutritional intervention can lower circulating ceramides, including C24:0 ceramide, a known inhibitor of insulin signaling. Unexpectedly, we observed an increase in C16:0 ceramide, suggesting that this form of ceramide in circulation is not associated with metabolic disease in humans. We also observed an improved inflammatory status with enhanced fruit and vegetable intake that was correlated with ceramide concentrations. These data suggest that adopting the recommended DGA is associated with a reduction of many, but not all, ceramide species and may help to prevent or mitigate MetS. Future research needs to assess whether the ceramide‐lowering ability of nutritional intervention is associated with reduced risk of developing metabolic disease.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Efficacy of nutritional interventions to lower circulating ceramides in young adults: FRUVEDomic pilot study

et al. 2017

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“…A reduction in the apolipoprotein A‐I production rate appears to explain the decrease in HDL‐C concentrations 47. HDL‐C is inversely associated with risk of coronary heart disease 48. Despite lowering of HDL‐C in observational studies or RCTs, vegetarian diets are not associated with poor cardiovascular health 49.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wang

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2015

JAHA

257

187

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BackgroundVegetarian diets exclude all animal flesh and are being widely adopted by an increasing number of people; however, effects on blood lipid concentrations remain unclear. This meta‐analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the overall effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids.Methods and ResultsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library through March 2015. Studies were included if they described the effectiveness of vegetarian diets on blood lipids (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride). Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes by using a random‐effects model. We performed subgroup and univariate meta‐regression analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity. Eleven trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Vegetarian diets significantly lowered blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the pooled estimated changes were −0.36 mmol/L (95% CI −0.55 to −0.17; P<0.001), −0.34 mmol/L (95% CI −0.57 to −0.11; P<0.001), −0.10 mmol/L (95% CI −0.14 to −0.06; P<0.001), and −0.30 mmol/L (95% CI −0.50 to −0.10; P=0.04), respectively. Vegetarian diets did not significantly affect blood triglyceride concentrations, with a pooled estimated mean difference of 0.04 mmol/L (95% CI −0.05 to 0.13; P=0.40).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that vegetarian diets effectively lower blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Such diets could be a useful nonpharmaceutical means of managing dyslipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia.

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“…HDL and its major structural protein component, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), play a pivotal role in mediating reverse cholesterol transport, which describes the process of cholesterol removal from peripheral tissues for ultimate elimination from the body by excretion (2,(7)(8)(9). Although facilitation of reverse cholesterol transport through cholesterol acceptor activity is considered a major function of HDL particles, ample evidence shows additional functions exist, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic activities, and the shuttling of microRNAs or lipid-signaling molecules (10 -16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Critical Paraoxonase 1 Residues Involved in High Density Lipoprotein Interaction

Gu¹,

Huang²,

Levison³

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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However, specific residues on PON1 involved in the HDL-PON1 interaction remain unclear. Unambiguous identification of protein residues involved in docking interactions to lipid surfaces poses considerable methodological challenges. Here we describe a new strategy that uses a novel synthetic photoactivatable and click chemistry-taggable phospholipid probe, which, when incorporated into HDL, was used to identify amino acid residues on PON1 that directly interact with the lipoprotein phospholipid surface. Several specific PON1 residues (Leu-9, Tyr-185, and Tyr-293) were identified through covalent crosslinks with the lipid probes using affinity isolation coupled to liquid chromatography with on-line tandem mass spectrometry. Based upon the crystal structure for PON1, the identified residues are all localized in relatively close proximity on the surface of PON1, defining a domain that binds to the HDL lipid surface. Site-specific mutagenesis of the identified PON1 residues (Leu-9, Tyr-185, and Tyr-293), coupled with functional studies, reveals their importance in PON1 binding to HDL and both PON1 catalytic activity and stability. Specifically, the residues identified on PON1 provide important structural insights into the PON1-HDL interaction. More generally, the new photoactivatable and affinity-tagged lipid probe developed herein should prove to be a valuable tool for identifying contact sites supporting protein interactions with lipid interfaces such as found on cell membranes or lipoproteins.

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HDL and cardiovascular disease

Cited by 593 publications

References 75 publications

Efficacy of nutritional interventions to lower circulating ceramides in young adults: FRUVEDomic pilot study

Efficacy of nutritional interventions to lower circulating ceramides in young adults: FRUVEDomic pilot study

Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Identification of Critical Paraoxonase 1 Residues Involved in High Density Lipoprotein Interaction

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