HCV Routes of Transmission: What Goes Around Comes Around

Alter, Miriam J.

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1297923

Cited by 86 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…TDAV is a blood-borne virus that showed no evidence of horizontal transmission via normal contact between uninfected and infected horses on Farm A over 1 y. This also resembles HCV, which is rarely transmitted by casual, nonparenteral human contact and is inefficiently transmitted by sexual contact; indeed, for HCV as for TDAV, parenteral exposure appears to be the most efficient route of transmission (32,33). Of course, the lack of detectable horizontal TDAV transmission in this study does not entirely preclude its occurrence or the possibility of vertical transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Chandriani

Skewes-Cox

Zhong

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

182

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Theiler's disease is an acute hepatitis in horses that is associated with the administration of equine blood products; its etiologic agent has remained unknown for nearly a century. Here, we used massively parallel sequencing to explore samples from a recent Theiler's disease outbreak. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the short sequence reads identified a 10.5-kb sequence from a previously undescribed virus of the Flaviviridae family, which we designate "Theiler's disease-associated virus" (TDAV). Phylogenetic analysis clusters TDAV with GB viruses of the recently proposed Pegivirus genus, although it shares only 35.3% amino acid identity with its closest relative, GB virus D. An epidemiological survey of additional horses from three separate locations supports an association between TDAV infection and acute serum hepatitis. Experimental inoculation of horses with TDAV-positive plasma provides evidence that several weeks of viremia preceded liver injury and that liver disease may not be directly related to the level of viremia. Like hepatitis C virus, the best characterized Flaviviridae species known to cause hepatitis, we find TDAV is capable of efficient parenteral transmission, engendering acute and chronic infections associated with a diversity of clinical presentations ranging from subclinical infection to clinical hepatitis.epidemiology | veterinary virology | metagenomics | deep sequencing | pathogen discovery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Chandriani

Skewes-Cox

Zhong

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

182

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“…Also, the association between HCV and the history of STDs was supported by the study, which indicates the importance of the sexual transmission of HCV through unprotected sex. 14,15 HCV RNA was detected in approximately half of anti-HCVpositive samples. We assume that the absence of HCV RNA is indicative of previous infection with elimination of the virus (permanent or temporary) or represents a false-positive result of the serological test used for triage, although all anti-HCVpositive samples had been tested in duplicates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection and associated factors in people living with HIV in Midwestern Brazil

Brandao

Pfrimer

Martelli

et al. 2015

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with such co-infection. A cross-section study was performed in 495 individuals treated at a public center in the city of Goiânia. Participants were interviewed and blood collected for evaluation of serological and molecular markers for HBV and HCV. The rate of exposure to HBV was 33.5% (95% CI 29.4-37.9). Nineteen patients (3.8%) were diagnosed as HBV carriers, of whom 68.4% were HBV DNA positive. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 9.7% (95% CI 7.3-12.7). Genotype 1a was identified in 72.7% of the PCR samples positive for HCV. Co-infection by all three viruses was 4.4% (95% CI 2.9-6.8). Being, male, aged ≥40 years, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD), and having homosexual practices were independently associated with the presence of markers of HBV exposure. A history of injectable drugs use and STDs showed association with HCV seropositivity. Approximately 50% of participants were not aware of their HBV and HCV serostatus. The results obtained may contribute to assess the burden of viral hepatitis in people living with HIV and to guiding preventive measures for more vulnerable groups.

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“…Surprisingly, Nokhodian and his colleagues (2012) stated that HCV transmission may also be acquired through non-parenteral and non-sexual routes [6]. Indeed, several authors estimated that up to 40% of patients infected with HCV may have non identifiable routes of viral acquisition [3,7,8]. Therefore, identification and elimination of other possible transmission routes will play a significant role in HCV infection restriction [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is dental extraction a risk factor for contracting HCV infection: Abs, RNA and genotype detection

Al-Kubaisy¹,

Al-Naggar²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2014

Oral Biol Dent

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Background: The medical risk factor associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection such as blood transfusion and surgery had been intensely studied in many countries. Up to 40% of patients infected with HCV may have non identifiable routes of viral acquisition. Dental extraction may be one of these risk factors. The purpose of the present study was to determine the existence of infection and the predominated HCV genotype among subjects with dental extraction. Material and methods: A case-control study involving pregnant women with and without history of dental extraction (n=776, n=2715, respectively). HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) were tested using subsequently third generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-3) and immunoblot assay (Lia Tek-111). In addition 94 serum samples were subjected to molecular analysis using RT-PCR and DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) method for HCV-RNA and genotypes. Results: Anti-HCV seroprevelance was significantly higher (6.3%) among cases with dental extraction (cases) than their counter control group (control) (2.63%) (p=0.00001). Dental extraction act as a risk factor for HCV infection (OR=2.73; 95% CI=1.8-3.9). HCV-RNA was found to be significantly higher (74.6%) in cases than (38.7%) control group (p=0.0016). No significant association between HCV genotypic and the history of tooth extraction but HCV-1b showed higher rate (90%) among dental extraction cases. Conclusion: Our study showed that dental extraction acts as a risk factor for acquiring HCV. Complete sterilization and cleaning of equipment is necessary.

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HCV Routes of Transmission: What Goes Around Comes Around

Cited by 86 publications

References 68 publications

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection and associated factors in people living with HIV in Midwestern Brazil

Is dental extraction a risk factor for contracting HCV infection: Abs, RNA and genotype detection

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