HCV-Related Nervous System Disorders

Monaco, Salvatore; Ferrari, Sergio; Gajofatto, Alberto; Zanusso, Gianluigi; Mariotto, Sara

doi:10.1155/2012/236148

Cited by 96 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…It is reported that chronic HCV infection has been associated with neurological as well as psychiatric conditions in upto about 50% of the cases [11] . Major HCV related neurological ailments comprise of autoimmune disorders, cerebrovascular events, myelitis, encephalopathy, encephalomyelitis, and cognitive impair ment; psychiatric disorders include, anxiety depression, and fatigue [12,13] . All the aforementioned complications that are manifested by HCV infection, regardless of the severity of disease [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus and neurological damage

Mathew

Faheem

Ibrahim

et al. 2016

WJH

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Author contributions: Mathew S and Faheem M contributed equally to this manuscript; Qadri I conceived and designed the topic; Mathew S, Faheem M, Ibrahim SM, Iqbal W and Rauff B contributed to materials and wrote the paper; Faheem M, Ibrahim SM, Iqbal W, Rauff B, Fatima K and Qadri I contributed to proof reading of the manuscript.Supported by KACST large R and D grant to Ishtiaq Qadri (#162-34).Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article. AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection exhibits a wide range of extrahepatic complications, affecting various organs in the human body. Numerous HCV patients suffer neurological manifestations, ranging from cognitive impairment to peripheral neuropathy. Overexpression of the host immune response leads to the production of immune complexes, cryoglobulins, as well as autoantibodies, which is a major pathogenic mechanism responsible for nervous system dysfunction. Alternatively circulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and HCV replication in neurons is another factor that severely affects the nervous system. Furthermore, HCV infection causes both sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy in the mixed cryoglobulinemia as well as known as an important risk aspect for stroke. These extrahepatic manifestations are the reason behind underlying hepatic encephalopathy and chronic liver disease. The brain is an apt location for HCV replication, where the HCV virus may directly wield neurotoxicity. Other mechanisms that takes place by chronic HCV infection due the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders includes derangement of metabolic pathways of infected cells, autoimmune disorders, systemic or cerebral inflammation and alterations in neurotransmitter circuits. HCV and its pathogenic role is suggested by enhancement of psychiatric and neurological symptoms in patients attaining a sustained virologic response followed by treatment with interferon; however, further studies are required to fully assess the impact of HCV infection and its specific antiviral targets associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. REVIEWSubmit a

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus and neurological damage

Mathew

Faheem

Ibrahim

et al. 2016

WJH

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“…Elôfordulása 14-50%. A vírus által kivál-tott inzulin rezisztencia a HCV cor protein közvetlen hatá-sa a hepatocytákban az inzulin szignál transzdukciós úton keresztül és a vírus replikáció által indukált, az endoplazmás retikulumra kifejtett stressz útján (18,(53)(54)(55) (56).…”

Section: Inzulin Rezisztencia 2-es Típusú Diabetes Mellitusunclassified

Hepatitis C – related diseases

Podányi¹

2013

BVSZ

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A hepatitis C kórokozója a Flavivirus családba tartozó RNA vírus mely az akut és krónikus hepatitisben jelentôs kóroki tényezô. A fertôzés, miközben a legtöbb esetben tü-netmentesen zajlik, mintegy 75%-ban krónikus hepatitist eredményez és az esetek 20-30%-ában súlyos szövôdmé-nyekhez vezet.A Key words: chronic hepatitis C -immunpathologic manifestations -extrahepatic manifestations cryoglobulinemia-skin diseases -therapyChoo és munkatársai 1989-es felfedezését követôen kiderült, hogy a korábban poszttranszfúziós, vagy sporadikus non-A, non-B hepatitis kóroki tényezôje egy C ví-rusnak elnevezett, Flavivírus családba tartozó RNS ágens (1, 2, 3). A kutatások során a hepatitis C vírusnak (HCV) 6 fô genotípusa és számos altípusa vált ismertté.Az egyes genotípusok földrajzi megoszlása eltérô, a domináló genotípus Európában az 1b, melynek a kezelés szempontjából van jelentôsége, mivel kevésbé reagál a hozzáférhetô specifikus terápiára (4,5,6).A vírusreplikáció során elôforduló spontán mutációk magas száma tette lehetôvé, hogy a HCV világszerte elterjedjen. A HCV genom variabilitása, nagy mutációs rá-tája azt eredményezi, hogy az akut infekció során a folyamat kiszabadul az immunválasz alól és a betegség nagy százalékban krónikussá válik. A replikáció során kialakult mutációk következtében számos vírusvariáns jön létre, az úgynevezett quasi-speciesek. A major és minor szubpopulációk egyensúlya az úgynevezett quasispecies distribució, melynek a patogenitásban és a folyamat krónikussá válásában fô szerepe van, éppúgy, mint a HIV vírus eseté-ben. Ez a magyarázata annak, hogy nem fejlôdik ki védô-67

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“…Central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs in approximately 6% of cases. CGs are also a risk factor for carotid plaque formation, hepatic ibrosis, and liver steatosis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of an immune-mediated process induced by HCV causes inlammatory disorders such as acute encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and meningoradiculitis/polyradiculitis; there are reports of patients with rapidly evolving acute leukoencephalitis or fatal progressive acute encephalomyelitic syndromes [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neuropathological and Neuropsychiatric Determinants in HCV- Infected Patients

Vojnović¹

2017

Update on Hepatitis C

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Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a growing global health problem. HCV is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with more than 30 extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs). Although cryoglobulinemia is the main pathological cause of neurologic EHMs, HCV viral replication in the brain itself must also be taken into consideration. The most signiicant neurological manifestations of HCV chronic infection are stroke, leukoencephalopathy, encephalomyelitis/myelitis, and peripheral neuropathy. The most signiicant neuropsychological manifestations of HCV infection are fatigue, depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction. Antiviral HCV treatment should be the irst-line treatment for managing mild-tomoderate vascular and neurologic symptoms; most of EHMs improve or even resolve if antiviral treatment starts on time.

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HCV-Related Nervous System Disorders

Cited by 96 publications

References 79 publications

Hepatitis C virus and neurological damage

Hepatitis C virus and neurological damage

Hepatitis C – related diseases

Neuropathological and Neuropsychiatric Determinants in HCV- Infected Patients

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