HCV/HIV co-infection, HCV viral load and mode of delivery: risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus?

Mariné-Barjoan, Eugènia; Berrébi, Alain; Giordanengo, Valérie; Favre, Sébastien Fournier; Haas, H.; Moreigne, Michel; Izopet, Jacques; Tricoire, J; Tran, Albert; Pradier, Christian; Bongain, A.

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e3282703810

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…On the other hand, coinfected individuals are more likely to transmit HCV. The rate of vertical transmission of HCV is increased about threefold for coinfected mothers (95) compared to that for HCV-monoinfected ones; this effect may be limited to women with low HCV RNA levels (Ͻ10 6 IU/ml) (69). Percutaneous exposure of health care workers to blood from coinfected patients was also shown to increase the risk of acquiring HCV (35).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Rotman

Liang

2009

J Virol

117

111

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Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect 2% of the world population (90) and is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also a very important global public health problem, infecting about 33 million people worldwide (129). As the transmission routes are shared by both infections, coinfection is not uncommon. In this review, we discuss the magnitude of the problem, the effect of infection with one virus on the transmission and natural history of the other, and the treatment issues unique to coinfected patients. EPIDEMIOLOGYThe reported prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection varies significantly among studies. Although HIV and HCV are both transmitted through parenteral, sexual, and vertical exposure, they differ in the transmission efficiencies of these routes. Thus, the risk factors of the population under study directly influence the prevalence in that particular population. Parenteral exposure modes such as intravenous drug use (IVDU) or multiple transfusions have been consistently found to be the most important risk factors for coinfection (121). In HIV-positive patients with a history of IVDU, the rate of HCV infection is reported to be 82 to 93% (61,76,113). On the other hand, sexual transmission of HCV is relatively inefficient, and the rate of coinfection among HIV-infected patients with a sexual risk factor is less than 10% (61). Men who have sex with men do not seem to have an overall-increased risk for coinfection (21,61,121), although epidemics of acute HCV have been described for HIV-infected men who have sex with men with high-risk behaviors (33). The overall burden of coinfection is estimated at 4 to 5 million people worldwide (2).Apart from the shared routes of transmission, infection with HIV, when present in either HCV-transmitting or HCV-exposed patients, can have a direct effect on the risk of transmission of HCV. HIV-infected patients exposed to HCV are less likely to clear the acute infection (odds ratio, 0.46) (123). This scenario seems to be especially relevant to transmission via IVDU (110). On the other hand, coinfected individuals are more likely to transmit HCV. The rate of vertical transmission of HCV is increased about threefold for coinfected mothers (95) compared to that for HCV-monoinfected ones; this effect may be limited to women with low HCV RNA levels (Ͻ10 6 IU/ml) (69). Percutaneous exposure of health care workers to blood from coinfected patients was also shown to increase the risk of acquiring HCV (35). Although coinfected individuals have been shown to have a higher prevalence of HCV RNA in cervicovaginal secretions (85) and semen (25), sexual transmission of HCV is still rare, even to partners of coinfected patients (68). EFFECT OF HIV/HCV COINFECTION ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HCVCoinfection with HIV has a significant impact on the life cycle of HCV and on the natural history of HCV infection. A retrospective study of stored sera from multitransfused hemophiliac patients (42) and a similar study of IV...

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Rotman

Liang

2009

J Virol

117

111

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“…On the other hand, HBsAg reactivity is also associated with HCV seropositivity (Landes et al 2008), corroborating our finding that all HBsAg + patients in this study (2.5%) were also infected with HCV. Vertical transmission of HCV in Brazil was reported to be between 2.5-5.6% (Lima et al 2004), but higher rates have been reported elsewhere (Marine-Barjoan et al 2007). HCV viremia is an important risk factor for HCV vertical (Polis et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in pregnant women from southern Brazil: high rate of intraepithelial cervical lesions

Tornatore

Gonçalves

Bianchi

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…There was also a trend to lower HCV VL in this group, which may go some way to explaining this. Also, in a small French cohort of coinfected women (29% on HAART), rate of transmission did not differ significantly between children born by vaginal delivery or CS [200]. HAART should be given to all HCV/ HIV coinfected pregnant women, regardless of CD4 cell count or HIV VL because of the evidence of increased HIV transmission in coinfected mothers.…”

Section: In the Absence Of Obstetric Complications Normal Vaginal Dementioning

confidence: 99%

11.0 References

2012

HIV Medicine

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HCV/HIV co-infection, HCV viral load and mode of delivery: risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus?

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virological, Immunological, and Clinical Outcomes

Co-infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in pregnant women from southern Brazil: high rate of intraepithelial cervical lesions

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