HCV antibodies in saliva and urine

Elsana, S.; Sikuler, Emanuel; Yaari, A; Shemer‐Avni, Yonat; Abu‐Shakra, Mahmoud; Buskila, Dan; Katzman, Pinhas; Naggan, Lechaim; Margalith, Miriam

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199805)55:1<24::aid-jmv5>3.3.co;2-w

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In previous studies using Salivette samples, the sensitivities and specificities varied between 71 and 94.4% and 93 and 100%, respectively, depending on the detection method chosen (3, 4, 15, 29, 31, 33). Regarding spitting samples, in the present study, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9 and 95.24, respectively, whereas in other studies, the sensitivities and specificities range from 0 to 90% and 100%, respectively, using immunochromatographic or chemiluminescence assays (2, 30). These results demonstrated the importance of defining the best collection and detection method for saliva samples.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…In this study, few false‐positive or false‐negative results were observed when the optimum cut‐off value was determined using the ROC curve, and discordant saliva results (in relation to the serum samples) were observed for 5.2% (5/96) of the study population. False‐positive saliva test results were presented only in spitting samples, which may have been attributed to non‐specific interaction between HCV antigen and saliva elements, as has been demonstrated in previous studies (2, 30). The false‐negative salivary test results may reflect the low concentration of antibodies in the saliva samples (11–13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…In this study, a commercial EIA was optimized for anti‐HCV detection in saliva samples that can be used as a substitute for serum samples, especially for individuals with suspected cases of HCV infection and poor venous access. Previous studies have reported anti‐HCV detection in saliva samples obtained by different methods (5, 6, 8, 15, 28–32), for most of which commercial protocols were modified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An evaluation of different saliva collection methods for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV)

Cruz

Marques

Villela-Nogueira

et al. 2012

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 793–800 Background: Saliva samples can be used as an alternative fluid for against hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) detection owing to the ease of collection and excellent acceptability. This study was conducted to optimize a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect anti‐HCV in saliva samples. Methods: Ninety‐six individuals donated paired serum and saliva samples that were obtained, using a commercial device (Salivette) and spitting into a sterile container. Initially, elution buffer for the Salivette samples, sample volume, incubation time and temperature, and two different anti‐HCV EIAs were evaluated. Using the optimized assay, three methods for cut‐off calculation were also evaluated. Results: A 20‐fold increase in the sample volume for both collection methods was needed. Moreover, the Radim assay was the most appropriate assay for anti‐HCV detection in saliva samples, and the quality parameters were increased when a ROC curve was used to determine the cut‐off value. Using this optimized assay, the sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, positive and negative predictive values were above 90% for saliva obtained using both the Salivette and spitting methods. Using this assay, discordant false‐negative results were obtained for only two Salivette samples and five spitting samples. The concordance kappa was 93% for the Salivette method and 86.1% for the spitting method, demonstrating excellent performance. Conclusions: Saliva samples obtained for both methods can be employed for anti‐HCV detection among HCV‐infected or HCV‐suspected cases, but several modifications must be performed on commercial EIAs to obtain good results. Moreover, samples obtained with commercial devices are more appropriate for anti‐HCV detection in saliva samples.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An evaluation of different saliva collection methods for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV)

Cruz

Marques

Villela-Nogueira

et al. 2012

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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“…Presence of helicobacter pylori in saliva is a sign of peptic ulcer 19,20 . Saliva can be used as a tool for the detection of dental plaque -induced diseases, i.e.…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Saliva

Babu¹,

Masthan²,

Balachander³

et al. 2012

Biomed. Pharmacol. J.

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Saliva is mainly secreted by 3 major glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual) and many other minor salivary glands, which provides the basic functions like lubrication and helps in taste, speech and digestion. The secretions from these glands is mixed with bronchial, nasal secretions, gingival crevicular fluid, blood constituents from bleeding gums, bacteria, virus, fungi, exfoliated epithelial cells and the food debris 1, 2. It has been used as a diagnostic medium for several years now 3, 4, 5. Saliva contains biomarkers derived from serum, gingival crevicular fluid and mucosal transudate. Systemic and oral diseases produce markers that appear in saliva. Unstimulated saliva contains higher concentration of diagnostic biomarkers than stimulated saliva and is used commonly for the diagnostic purpose. It is because, stimulated saliva has low concentrated proteins 6, 7 and variation in pH, due to the foreign

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Assays for detecting anti-HCV in DBS and saliva have reported sensitivities ranging from 70% to 100% and specificities from 87.5% to 100%. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The differences observed are related to the population studied, saliva collection, type of assay, and modifications in cut-off calculation, incubation of sample and sample volume. The influence of HIV infection on anti-HCV testing in saliva samples was previously evaluated, but a low number of individuals were recruited 26 or the influence of HIV viral load and CD4 cell count were not determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of ANTI‐HCV testing in dried blood spots and saliva according to HIV status

Flores

Cruz

Marques

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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The use of saliva and dried blood spots (DBS) could increase access to HCV diagnosis for high-risk populations, such as HIV-infected individuals, but the performance of these assays has not been well established in this group. This study aims to evaluate HIV status, particularly TCD4 cell count and viral load, in the performance of anti-HCV testing using DBS and saliva. A total of 961 individuals classified as HCV+, HIV+, or HIV/HCV+, as well as negative controls, donated serum, DBS, and saliva samples for anti-HCV testing using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Sample volume was modified for DBS and saliva, and an ROC curve was used for cut-off determination in saliva. Anti-HCV sensitivities were greater than 93% using DBS and saliva in the HCV+ group, while they were 83.3% and 95.6% for HCV/HIV+ individuals for DBS and saliva assays, respectively. Specificity varied from 91.7% to 100% using saliva and DBS in HIV monoinfected and control subjects. When only anti-HCV/HCV RNA+ serum samples, that is, true positives, were considered, the sensitivities were 98.3% and 100% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HCV+ group and 91.6% and 94.8% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HIV/HCV+ group. High absorbance values were observed among those presenting with HCV RNA in serum and low HIV viral load (less than 50 copies/mL). In conclusion, DBS and saliva samples could be used for anti-HCV detection, particularly to identify active HCV cases, but low sensitivity was observed for anti-HCV testing using DBS in the HIV/HCV+ group.

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HCV antibodies in saliva and urine

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

An evaluation of different saliva collection methods for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV)

An evaluation of different saliva collection methods for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV)

Biomarkers in Saliva

Performance of ANTI‐HCV testing in dried blood spots and saliva according to HIV status

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