HCV and HIV infection among intravenous drug abusers in Eastern Sicily

Cacopardo, Bruno; Fatuzzo, Filippo; Cosentino, Stefano; Celesia, Benedetto Maurizio; Mughini, M. T.; Rosell, Rosa; Bruno, S.; Lupo, G.; Zipper, F.; Medica, G. La; Russo, Rodolfo; Nunnari, A

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_77

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It is unclear whether HIV infection facilitates acquiring HCV by the blood route because HIV-negative IVDU were not tested. In previous studies [Cacopardo et al, 1992;Sonnerborg et al, 19901, a significant difference was not found between IVDU with and without HIV infection. In addition, HCV did not appear to increase the severity of HIV infection: the proportions of HCV positive and HCV negative patients with AIDS were not significantly different (Table IV).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…By contrast, anti-HCV IgG is detected in less than 1% of voluntary French blood donors [Janot et al, 19891. There was a significant difference between blood (60.6%) and sexual (13.6%) exposure risk factors for HIV infection. HCV seropositivity is high in numerous series of IVDU and blood transfusion recipients [Cacopardo et al, 1992;Sonnerborg et al, 1990;Esteban et al, 1989;Lafeuillade et al, 19911. In contrast, in patients with sexual risk factors, higher rates (13.7%) of HCV infection were found than in previous studies [Quan et al, 1993;Sherman et al, 19913. These findings confirm that HCV is transmitted sexually and that transmission may be enhanced by HIV infection [Eyster et al, 19911. Nevertheless, most of the patients appeared to have been infected by the blood route of transmission [Sonnerborg et al, 1990;Wormser et al, 19911.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus infection in an HIV‐positive population in normandy: Antibodies, HCV RNA and genotype prevalence

Mendel¹,

Clotteau²,

Lambert³

et al. 1995

Journal of Medical Virology

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The prevalence and the characteristics of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in 161 HIV-positive patients were studied. HCV seroprevalence was determined by enzyme immunoassay and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Two different reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods were also used to test the HCV-seropositive samples and 50 EIA-negative sera used as controls. The RNA HCV-positive sera were genotyped by the LiPA procedure. Associations of HCV status with demographic characteristics and risk factors were assessed by chi 2 and Fisher's exact tests. The seroprevalence of HCV was 34.2% with a significant difference between blood and sexual exposure risk groups (60.6% vs. 13.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Thirty-six of the 55 anti-HCV-positive sera were also positive for HCV RNA, and PCR detected HCV RNA in 8 HCV-seronegative patients. Various RIBA profiles were found and all sera were positive for antibodies to the c33 protein. A proportion of sera had elevated levels of transaminase activity (37.2%), and abnormal liver function as associated with HCV infection. Forty-two samples were genotyped and five genotypes and subtypes of the HCV virus were detected. Genotype 1a was the most frequent in this cohort, although genotype 1b is generally more common in France. The majority (94.1%) of the patients with genotype 1a had a history of blood exposure, which may account for the difference.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus infection in an HIV‐positive population in normandy: Antibodies, HCV RNA and genotype prevalence

Mendel¹,

Clotteau²,

Lambert³

et al. 1995

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Both papers were each considered as two different studies. The 64 papers selected for the review therefore resulted in 66 seroprevalence studies [72–135].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C markers among intravenous drug users in western European countries: a systematic review

Matheï

Buntinx

Damme³

2002

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Currently, the most important risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Europe is intravenous drug use. To establish a better insight into the epidemiology of hepatitis C among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in western European countries a systematic review on the prevalence of hepatitis C markers and their determinants was performed. Reports were identified by searches on Medline and on the internet and by screening reference lists of selected papers. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV in western European IVDUs reported in the 66 studies selected for analysis, ranged between 37 and 98%. No relation was found between prevalence rates and mean age, mean duration of intravenous drug use, geographical area, setting of the study, method of recruitment or the year(s) of collection of samples. Eleven studies concerning the prevalence of HCV-RNA in hepatitis C-infected IVDUs were selected for analysis. Prevalence rates ranged from 26 to 86%. Based on five studies, a statistically significant positive linear relation was found between the mean age of study population and the prevalence of HCV-RNA. Our analysis revealed considerable variation in prevalence rates of hepatitis C markers among IVDUs in western Europe. We found no conclusive explanation for this variability. Further research investigating the dynamics of the hepatitis C epidemic in IVDUs is necessary.

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“…Most studies of injection drug users (IDUs) have demonstrated HCV seroprevalence rates from 60 to 90%. In these cross-sectional studies, HCV infection generally correlates with drug use practices as opposed to sexual behaviors or demographic factors (6,9,23,25). However, such associations could be missed, since transmission may have occurred years before behaviors were evaluated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland

et al. 1997

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Between 1988 and 1996, the incidence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were studied in a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. By second-generation antibody testing of stored serum samples, 142 participants were found to be susceptible to HCV at the time they entered the study. After a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 43 participants (30.3%) developed antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). The overall incidence was 6.4 cases per 100 person-years, but a substantial decline in the annual incidence rate was observed after the first 2 years (1988 to 1990, 13.4/100 person-years; 1991 to 1996, 2.3/100 person-years [P ‫؍‬ 0.0001 for trend]). Participants who acknowledged active drug use, especially those who acknowledged frequent use and sharing of drug paraphernalia, were at increased risk of HCV infection. However, high-risk sexual practices were not associated with HCV seroconversion. Efforts to reduce HCV infection must be focused on curbing drug use and especially on the sharing of needles and drug paraphernalia.

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HCV and HIV infection among intravenous drug abusers in Eastern Sicily

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Hepatitis C virus infection in an HIV‐positive population in normandy: Antibodies, HCV RNA and genotype prevalence

Hepatitis C virus infection in an HIV‐positive population in normandy: Antibodies, HCV RNA and genotype prevalence

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C markers among intravenous drug users in western European countries: a systematic review

Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland

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