HCOR: a high-throughput coding-aware opportunistic routing for inter-flow network coding in wireless mesh networks

Long, Hai; Wang, Hongyu; Wang, Jie; Tang, Zhenzhou

doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2014-148

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The field of large-scale DCs has recently been the focus of many researchers addressing various DC challenges, including, but not limited to, resource allocation [23]- [26], traffic load balancing [27]- [30], security and privacy [31]- [35], and power consumption [36]- [39]. Over the years, multicast also has been the focus of a large body of research to address issues related to scalability [21], [40], reliability [41]- [43], security [44], and congestion control [45], [46]. In this section, we briefly discuss related works, particularly those related to DC multicast scalability and load balancing.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ernie: Scalable Load-Balanced Multicast Source Routing for Cloud Data Centers

Alqahtani¹,

Hamdaoui

Langar

2021

IEEE Access

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Nowadays, most applications hosted on public cloud data centers (DCs) disseminate data from a single source to a group of receivers for service deployment, data replication, software upgrade, etc. For such one-to-many data communication paradigm, multicast routing is the natural choice as it reduces network traffic and improves application throughput. Unfortunately, recent approaches adopting IP multicast routing suffer from scalability and load balancing issues, and do not scale well with the number of supported multicast groups when used for cloud DC networks. Furthermore, IP multicast does not exploit the topological properties of DCs, such as the presence of multiple parallel paths between end hosts. Despite the recent efforts aimed at addressing these challenges, there is still a need for multicast routing protocol designs that are both scalable and load-balancing aware. This paper proposes Ernie, a scalable load-balanced multicast source routing for large-scale DCs. At its heart, Ernie further exploits DC network structural properties and switch programmability capabilities to encode and organize multicast group information inside packets in a way that minimizes downstream header sizes significantly, thereby reducing overall network traffic. Additionally, Ernie introduces an efficient load balancing strategy, where multicast traffic is adequately distributed at downstream layers. To study the effectiveness of Ernie, we extensively evaluate Ernie's scalability behavior (i.e., switch memory, packet size overheads, and CPU overheads), and load balancing ability through a mix of simulation and analysis of its performances. For example, experiments of large-scale DCs with 27k+ servers show that Ernie requires a downstream header sizes that are 10× smaller than those needed under state-of-the-art schemes while keeping end-host overheads at low levels. Our simulation results also indicate that at highly congested links, Ernie can achieve a better multicast load balancing than other existing schemes.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ernie: Scalable Load-Balanced Multicast Source Routing for Cloud Data Centers

Alqahtani¹,

Hamdaoui

Langar

2021

IEEE Access

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“…Hai et al [77] argue that the joint approach may perform worse than OR because of the shrinkage of the forwarder set. They define the cost of delivering packet p from node i to the destination via forwarder set J as C p i = c p iJ + C p J .…”

Section: A Cost Of Reducing Forwarder Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, in joint OR and IXNC approach even the next-hop is not specified, let alone the other downstream nodes. Hai et al [77] attempt to implement multi-hop coding in the joint approach, but the only node, in addition to the neighbors of the coding node (i.e., potential next-hops), which is considered in the coding decisions is the final destination.…”

Section: Coding Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coding is not always the best option: HCOR (High-throughput Coding-aware Opportunistic Routing) [77] is a distributed system based on anypath routing [95] claiming that maximizing coding opportunities does not necessarily improve the network performance. Since the forwarder set of a coded packet is a subset of the original forwarder set (i.e., the subset that can decode the coded packet), HCOR argues that sending coded packets is not always beneficial, and one may need to decide if IXNC decreases the cost by "free-riding" or increases it by shrinking forwarder set.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, a number of publications have augmented the joint approach with IANC [52], [53]; however, further studies are required to efficiently merge these three great techniques, and address some important challenges about the way and the complexity of merging two separate encoding techniques (i.e., IANC and IXNC) at different nodes • Coding beyond a two-hop region -There has been some research on extending the coding region in the network by proposing a new NC-aware routing protocol [71], [101], [102], but not in conjunction with OR. To the best of our knowledge, in the only study on the joint approach with multi-hop coding, coded packets cannot be decoded at any other node than the next-hop or the final destination [77]. Thus, it would be of interest to strengthen IXNC by including a combination of OR and more powerful detection of coding opportunities beyond a two-hop region.…”

Section: Issues Challenges and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint Inter-Flow Network Coding and Opportunistic Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Kafaie

Chen

Dobre

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Network coding and opportunistic routing are two recognized innovative ideas to improve the performance of wireless networks by utilizing the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. In the last decade, there has been considerable research on how to synergize inter-flow network coding and opportunistic routing in a single joint protocol outperforming each in any scenario. This paper explains the motivation behind the integration of these two techniques, and highlights certain scenarios in which the joint approach may even degrade the performance, emphasizing the fact that their synergistic effect cannot be accomplished with a naive and perfunctory combination. This survey paper also provides a comprehensive taxonomy of the joint protocols in terms of their fundamental components and associated challenges, and compares existing joint protocols. We also present concluding remarks along with an outline of future research directions.Inter-flow network coding, opportunistic routing, network coding-aware routing, unicast traffic, multi-hop wireless mesh networks. I. INTRODUCTIONWireless mesh network (WMN) [1], [2] is a type of wireless communication networks aiming to realize the dream of a seamlessly connected world. In mesh infrastructure, radio nodes are connected via wireless links creating a multi-hop wireless network, and nodes can talk to each other and pass data over long distances. This is realized by forming long paths consisting of smaller segments and handing off data over mulitple hops. This cooperative data delivery is the key idea of mesh networks to share connectivity across a large area with inexpensive wireless technologies.Despite these advancements, users' expectations rise fast, and new applications require higher throughput and lower delay [3]. In addition, the performance of wireless networks is significantly restricted by interference, and the unreliability of the wireless channel. Also, it is adversely affected by the contention among different data flows and devices in sharing bandwidth and other network resources. However, since the last decade two promising approaches of "Opportunistic Routing" and "Network Coding" are proved to improve the performance of wireless networks significantly by creatively utilizing the broadcast nature of the wireless medium.Network coding (NC), more specifically inter-flow network coding (IXNC), is the process of forwarding more than one packet in each transmission. Doing so, it increases the "effective" capacity of the network [4] and improves the throughput. Opportunistic routing 1 (OR) also benefits from the broadcast nature of wireless networks via path diversity. In OR, in contrast to traditional forwarding, there is no fixed route, and nodes do not forward a packet to a specified pre-selected next-hop. In fact, a node first broadcasts the packet, and then the next-hop is selected among all neighbors that have received the packet successfully. In addition, as explained in Section II-B, OR can reduce the total number of transmissions by exploiting long but p...

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Distributed Network Coding-Aware Routing Protocol Incorporating Fuzzy-Logic-Based Forwarders in Wireless Ad hoc Networks

Rafiee

Mirjalily

2020

J Netw Syst Manage

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HCOR: a high-throughput coding-aware opportunistic routing for inter-flow network coding in wireless mesh networks

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Ernie: Scalable Load-Balanced Multicast Source Routing for Cloud Data Centers

Ernie: Scalable Load-Balanced Multicast Source Routing for Cloud Data Centers

Joint Inter-Flow Network Coding and Opportunistic Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Distributed Network Coding-Aware Routing Protocol Incorporating Fuzzy-Logic-Based Forwarders in Wireless Ad hoc Networks

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