hCG, the Centerpiece of Life and Death

Abstract

Article shows the multiple functions that hCG variant have in pregnancy, and in normal pituitary function in women. As also shown, hCG variants are misused by all human malignancies to drive growth, invasion and metastases.

Ethical Principles Do Not Support Mandatory Preanesthesia Pregnancy Screening Tests: A Narrative Review

“…70 False-negative results are rarer, but possible (in 1 study, 11 of 9447 tests). 80 They most commonly occur in early pregnancy, precisely when the pregnancy test is used to avoid fetal interference during surgery. False-negative results are more common with urine than serum tests for a number of reasons.…”

“…False-negative results are more common with urine than serum tests for a number of reasons. 80 Urine tests detect hCG when the concentration is >20 IU/L, while serum tests can detect concentrations as low as 5 IU/L. Causes for false-negative results include concentrations of urine hCG that are below the test's detection levels, as in the earliest phases of pregnancy; inability of the test to accurately identify hCG-H; dilutional effects in urine; and renal degradation of hCG.…”

Gestational trophoblastic diseases

“…Hyperglycosylated hCG is an autocrine that will feed-back and bind a THGβ receptor, driving both growth and invasion (promotes production of collagenases and metalloproteinases) [8]. A new case of GTN/choriocarcinoma with brain and lung metastasis may present with 100% of the total hCG being hyperglycosylated hCG [9,10]. A new case of GTN/choriocarcinoma with brain and lung metastasis may present with 100% of the total hCG being hyperglycosylated hCG [9,10].…”

“…In GTN/choriocarcinoma cases, the higher the proportion of hyperglycosylated hCG produced (as a percentage of total hCG), the more invasive and vicious the malignancy [9,10]. In general, the proportion of hyperglycosylated hCG in GTN/choriocarcinoma cases represents the aggressiveness of the disease [9,10]. By comparison, in a slow-growing minimally aggressive case of GTN/choriocarcinoma, hyperglycosylated hCG may only represent 50% of the total hCG.…”

Desarrollo placentario temprano: aspectos fisiopatológicos

“…Las células CT producen gonadotropina coriónica humana (hCG) y gonadotropina coriónica humana hiperglicosilada, promoviendo la formación de células del ST (8) . La hCG y la hCG hiperglicosilada controlan el establecimiento de la placentación hemocorial eficientemente, controlan la formación de vellosidades placentarias y actúan como un agente inmunosupresivo (9) . Paralelamente, el ST secreta enzimas proteolíticas que rompen la matriz extracelular; de esta manera permite primero, el pasaje del blastocisto a la pared endometrial en su totalidad, generando espacios lacunares que se llenan de sangre materna; en segundo lugar, permite la nutrición del embrión mediante la lisis de células epiteliales y deciduales adyacentes (nutrición histiotrofa); y, en tercer lugar, secreta lactógeno placentario y hCG que mantiene la decidua y la producción de progesterona por el Figura 3. representación esquemática del rol de nr2F2 en la diFerenciación de citotroFoBlasto a un Fenotipo de sincitiotro-FoBlasto.…”