(HC) Process - A Viable Alternate For Upgrading Alberta Bitumens

Comparison of MoS2 Catalysts Prepared from Mo-Micelle and Mo-Octoate Precursors for Hydroconversion of Cold Lake Vacuum Residue: Catalyst Activity, Coke Properties and Catalyst Recycle

“…The development of slurry phase catalysts, their hydroconversion mechanisms, and the main processes close to commercialization have been reviewed ,− and several slurry-phase hydroconversion processes aimed at residue oil upgrading have been developed over the last few decades. Examples include the M-coke process developed by Exxon in 1981, the CANMET process, − the EST process (Eni Slurry Technology), − VCC (VEBA Combi-Cracking), − SOC (Super Oil Cracking), Intevep HDH Process , and the (HC) 3 process. , The difference between these processes is mostly in the type of catalyst used. Numerous studies have reported on the performance of the catalysts, both in terms of the active metal and in terms of the form of the catalyst added to the slurry-phase reactor. − The performance of different metal sulfides, introduced to the reactor in the form of oil-soluble precursors, has also been reported. ,− The oil-soluble catalysts have superior activity compared to the activity of the catalysts added to the reactor as water-soluble salts or finely divided powders.…”