“…As for aboveground, several process options have been studied and applied at industrial level to improve the bottom barrel conversion. The main processes are as follows: thermal processing [1][2][3] (delayed coking, fluid coking, flexicoking, visbreaking), hydroprocessing [4][5][6][7] (fixed-bed, ebullating bed, slurry phase), and extractive Processes [8][9][10] (FW solvent deasphalting, Demex). However, all these processes are focused on converting the atmospheric and vacuum oil residues (1000+ °F) to more valuable products such as gasoline, middle distillates and FCC feed stock.…”