HbA1c as Early Warning Complications of Kidney Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is closely related to diabetes. Basic information about the treatment and physical condition of diabetic patients should be analyzed to provide further evidence of prevention. Based on the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with renal failure, there is a great need to learn more about its prevention and management including laboratory diagnostic tests because HbA1c levels are directly proportional to blood glucose levels. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of HbA1c levels on creatinine levels in patients with Type 2 DM. METHODS: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 38 DM patients who had their diagnosis confirmed using consecutive sampling techniques. According to the healthcare centre’s data, the respondent’s blood sample was taken at the respondent’s house, and the HbA1c and creatinine levels were tested in the laboratory. Data analysis using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between HbA1c levels and the incidence of kidney failure with p = 0.588, OR 0.658. CONCLUSION: This research showed that there was no relationship between HbA1c levels with the incidence of kidney failure.

The Effect Of Cupping On Blood Pressure In Hypertension

“…Once this system is calm and its activity is reduced, blood pressure will drop. Cupping plays a role in reducing the volume of blood flowing in the blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure ( Alfiyansah, 2018;Momot et al, 2022).…”