HbA_1c and biomarkers of diabetes mellitus in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine: ten years after

Abstract

Since its discovery in the late 1960s, HbA1c has proven to be a major biomarker of diabetes mellitus survey and diagnosis. Other biomarkers have also been described using classical laboratory methods or more innovative, non-invasive ones. All biomarkers of diabetes, including the historical glucose assay, have well-controlled strengths and limitations, determining their indications in clinical use. They all request high quality preanalytical and analytical methodologies, necessitating a strict evaluation of their performances by external quality control assessment trials. Specific requirements are needed for point-of-care testing technologies. This general overview, which describes how old and new tools of diabetes mellitus biological survey have evolved over the last decade, has been built through the prism of papers published in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine during this period.

A framework towards digital twins for type 2 diabetes

“…We selected a number of clinical variables related to T2D for further study: HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin percentage), eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance). HbA1c, Glucose, and Insulin are key clinical variables used to evaluate T2D progression in the clinical settings (16). We also included eGFR because we were interested in the transition from T2D to T2D with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a complication (17).…”

To identify biomarkers associated with the transfer of diabetes combined with cancer in human genes using bioinformatics analysis

“…[5][6][7] Only a few pathogenic genes, such as MIR-21, Rfx2, HNF1A, Nus1, GP2, HBA 1c, MR-148B-3P, and MR-27A-3P, are thought to play significant roles in the development of metastasis in cancer patients with DM and associated disorders. [8][9][10][11][12][13] However, the relationship between these biomarkers and DM has not been adequately studied. Moreover, the differential expression of metastasis-related genes in patients with DM, with and without metastases, has not been studied.…”