Hazards from Pathogenic Microorganisms in Land-Disposed Sewage Sludge

Straub, Timothy M.; Pepper, Ian L.; Gerba, Charles P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7065-9_3

Cited by 117 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Fecal microorganisms that are pathogenic or non-pathogenic and are present in sewage are transferred to sludge, where their concentration is higher than it is in wastewater [34][35][36]. Moreover, many microorganisms survive better when they are associated with solids than when they are suspended in water [37][38][39], and at some stage of treatment of sludge, the growth of some pathogenic bacteria (for example, Salmonella) may be supported [36]. Therefore, both treated sludge and raw sludge are sources of pathogenic microorganisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration

Grűbel

Machnicka

Nowicka

2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:The previously received results of individual processes of hydrodynamic and alkaline disintegration were decisive significant for the conducted research task. The combination of hydrodynamic cavitation (30 minutes duration of the process) and alkaline (pH ≈ 9) to the destruction of activated sludge caused a significant release of organic matter about 1383 mg/dm 3 in comparing to individual processes. Such increase in the SCOD value resulted in a significant growth the efficiency of biogas yield in a two-stage mesophilic-thermophilic processes. The increase in yield was from 26 to 38% depending on the volume of disintegrated sludge. The effect of the two-stage fermentation resulted activated sludge hygienisation. The microbiological analysis of the influence of the fermentation with the different volume of hybrid disintegrated sludge was based on microbiological indicators: Salmonella spp. and coliphages. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the two-stage digestion process compared to single mesophilic fermentation which not always completely eliminates the above indicators.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration

Grűbel

Machnicka

Nowicka

2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Class B sludges still contain significant levels of pathogens (Straub et al, 1993). Class A sludges and sludge products have received higher levels of treatment (generally hotter for longer).…”

Section: Inadequate Assessment Of Pathogen Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land application of sewage sludges: an appraisal of the US regulations

Harrison

McBride²,

Bouldin³

1999

IJEP

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Current US federal regulations governing the land application of sewage sludges do not appear adequately protective of human health, agricultural productivity or ecological health. US standards are far less protective than those of many European countries and Canadian provinces. This is due to both policy choices such as a 'do no harm' philosophy applied in some northern European countries and also to many gaps and non-conservative assumptions in the risk assessment performed by US Environmental Protection Agency. The potential for widespread use of sludges on agricultural and residential land, the persistence of many of the pollutants, which may remain in soils for a very long time, and the difficulty of remediation support a cautious approach. Soil, water and crop characteristics in New York State and other areas of the northeastern US raise particular concerns. The authors do not suggest a prohibition of land application but, rather, significantly more restrictive use. Limiting cumulative additions of pollutants to prevent soils from exceeding recommended maximum contaminant levels can be achieved by application of clean sludges or by application of lesser amounts of less high quality sludges. Further investigation is needed to assess risks to ground and surface water and to establish standards for additional contaminants.

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“…Therefore, some authors recommended using molecular techniques such as PCR to detect the presence of VBNC bacteria after disinfection process (Straub et al 1993;Choi et al 1996). Chen et al (2012) determined log reduction of Salmonella sp., E. coli and Shigella sp.…”

Section: Pathogen Growth Potential (Pgp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of pathogenic bacteria from sewage-treated effluent and biosolids for agricultural purposes

et al. 2018

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The reuse of treated sewage for irrigation is considered as an important alternative water source in the new water management strategy of the countries that face a severe deficiency of water resources such as the Middle East countries. The organic material and fertilizing elements contained in biosolids are essential for maintaining soil fertility. However, both treated sewage and biosolids contain a large diversity of pathogens that would be transmitted to the environment and infect human directly or indirectly. Therefore, those pathogens should be reduced from the treated sewage and biosolids before the reuse in the agriculture. This paper reviews the considerations for reuse of treated sewage and biosolids in agriculture and further treatments used for reduction of pathogenic bacteria. The treatment methods used for the reduction of pathogens in these wastes have reviewed. It appeared that the main concern associated with the reduction of pathogenic bacteria lies in their ability to regrow in the treated sewage and biosolids. Therefore, the effective treatment method is that it has the potential to destruct pathogens cells and remove the nutrients to prevent the regrowth or recontamination from the surrounded environment. The removal of nutrients might be applicable in the sewage but not in the biosolids due to high nutrient contents. However, the reduction of health risk in the biosolids might be carried out by regulating the biosolid utilization and selecting the plant species grown in the fertilized soil with biosolids.

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Hazards from Pathogenic Microorganisms in Land-Disposed Sewage Sludge

Cited by 117 publications

References 56 publications

Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration

Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration

Land application of sewage sludges: an appraisal of the US regulations

Removal of pathogenic bacteria from sewage-treated effluent and biosolids for agricultural purposes

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