Hazards at 10 000 m: studies of aircrew and their importance in understanding cancer risks from cosmic radiation and circadian disruption

PERIOD 2 regulates low-dose radioprotection via PER2/pGSK3β/β-catenin/Per2 loop

“…This study provides experimental evidence that PER2, a fundamental factor in CR functions in signaling cellular adaptive radioprotection induced by low-dose radiation. CR is well-defined to affect cellular stress response 44 such as CR-associated cell radiosensitivity 6 , 45 , 46 and CR-related proliferation and differentiation of BMpHSCs. 47 Pre-exposure of mammalian cells to LDR can generate a prosurvival advantage to subsequent genotoxic insults such as the cytotoxicity of high dose radiation.…”

Cancer risks from cosmic radiation exposure in flight: A review

“…Furthermore, not all models have available measurements or capability to estimate all flight routes or are able to account for differences occurring between airframes that could account for ascent/descent and cruising altitude parameters. In terms of dosimetry units, there are challenges with studies using effective dose measures in place of the dose equivalent, leading to accuracy concerns from the application of incorrect radiation weighting especially in the case of high-LET radiation, and introducing potential error from overestimation of carcinogenic impacts of CIR ( 51 , 96 ). Another issue that was previously mentioned is that most modalities of exposure assessment via measurements or estimations do not account for SPE activity, which although rare could be extremely important in understanding health risks due to the potentially high CIR doses that can be experienced if exposed.…”